Background Heavy metals are natural components of the earth’s crust and are considered as constant environmental pollutants since they cannot be degraded or destroyed easily. Cadmium (Cd) is present primarily in the ores of zinc, copper, or lead; the extraction and processing of which releases large quantities of cadmium into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and soil thereby contaminating the human environment. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of garlic and tomato extract on cadmium-induced AChE activity, biochemical parameters along with the pathological changes in the brain tissue of mice. Methods Male Swiss albino mice ( n = 40) were divided into several experimental (protective and therapeutic) groups and were given single dose of cadmium (6 mg/kg bw) with supplementation of garlic (100 mg/kg bw) and tomato (50 mg/kg bw) extract for 15 and 30 days under protective and therapeutic study. Results Cadmium-treated mice showed a significant decline in AChE ( p < 0.01) level and total proteins ( p < 0.0001) but a nonsignificant decrease in glycogen, cholesterol in the brain tissue activity as compared to control group. The histological study also showed degeneration in the form of vacuolation, congestion, hyperemia, lymphocytic infiltration, and edema in the brain (cortex and hippocampus) of Cd-treated mice. But the antioxidant-treated groups showed significant increment in AChE level and other biochemical parameters in the protective study. But there were significant variations in the therapeutic study, and this was also confirmed by the histological analysis of the brain. Both tomato and garlic administration showed more attenuation in the brain AChE activity, and it may be due to the strong antioxidant potential of their constituents. Conclusion We can conclude that cadmium exposure should be avoided as it causes neuropathological effects. But in daily life, it may not be possible, so we should regularly intake natural antioxidants which may neutralize the effects of heavy metals to some extent.

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大蒜和番茄对镉致小鼠神经病理学的保护和治疗作用

背景 重金属是地壳的天然成分，由于不易降解或破坏，因此被认为是持续存在的环境污染物。镉 (Cd) 主要存在于锌、铜或铅矿石中；其提取和加工将大量镉释放到大气、水圈和土壤中，从而污染人类环境。本研究旨在研究大蒜和番茄提取物对镉诱导的 AChE 活性、生化参数以及小鼠脑组织病理变化可能的保护和治疗作用。方法 将雄性瑞士白化小鼠 (n = 40) 分为几个实验组（保护组和治疗组），给予单剂量镉（6 mg/kg bw）并补充大蒜（100 mg/kg bw）和番茄（50 mg/kg bw) 在保护性和治疗性研究中提取 15 天和 30 天。结果 与对照组相比，镉处理的小鼠的 AChE ( p < 0.01) 水平和总蛋白 ( p < 0.0001) 显着下降，但脑组织活性中的糖原、胆固醇没有显着降低。组织学研究还显示，镉处理的小鼠大脑（皮质和海马）出现空泡化、充血、充血、淋巴细胞浸润和水肿形式的变性。但在保护性研究中，抗氧化剂治疗组的 AChE 水平和其他生化参数显着增加。但治疗研究存在显着差异，这也得到了大脑组织学分析的证实。番茄和大蒜的给药都显示出大脑 AChE 活性的更多减弱，这可能是由于它们的成分具有很强的抗氧化潜力。结论 我们可以得出结论，应避免接触镉，因为它会导致神经病理学影响。但在日常生活中，这可能是不可能的，所以我们应该定期摄入天然抗氧化剂，可以在一定程度上中和重金属的影响。番茄和大蒜的给药都显示出大脑 AChE 活性的更多减弱，这可能是由于它们的成分具有很强的抗氧化潜力。结论 我们可以得出结论，应避免接触镉，因为它会导致神经病理学影响。但在日常生活中，这可能是不可能的，所以我们应该定期摄入天然抗氧化剂，可以在一定程度上中和重金属的影响。番茄和大蒜的给药都显示出大脑 AChE 活性的更多减弱，这可能是由于它们的成分具有很强的抗氧化潜力。结论 我们可以得出结论，应避免接触镉，因为它会导致神经病理学影响。但在日常生活中，这可能是不可能的，所以我们应该定期摄入天然抗氧化剂，可以在一定程度上中和重金属的影响。