Strong environmental dependence is an intractable problem for vapor cell clocks, for which the high-temperature sensitivity of the physics package is considered one of the dominant reasons. In this paper, we report the design and realization of a low-temperature-sensitive physics package for vapor cell clocks. The physics package comprises three layers of magnetic shields, three layers of heating ovens, and the cavity-cell assembly. The cavity-cell assembly employs a compact magnetron-type cavity and a Rb vapor cell sealed with N2-Ar mixed buffer gas. The dependence of the clock frequency on temperature fluctuation is evaluated to be 2 × 10−11/°C. In pursuit of the stable temperature, a three-stage temperature regulator is implemented on the physics package. It adopts a combination of open and closed-loop control to address the problem of significant thermal coupling between the heating ovens. Under a laboratory environment, the measured Hadamard deviation of the temperature variation is 4 × 10−5 °C in 1 day of averaging.

中文翻译：

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致力于为蒸气电池原子钟提供对温度敏感的物理封装的努力

强烈的环境依赖性是蒸气电池钟的一个棘手问题，物理包装的高温敏感性被认为是主要原因。在本文中，我们报告了用于蒸汽电池时钟的低温敏感物理封装的设计和实现。物理包装包括三层磁罩，三层加热炉和型腔组件。腔单元组件采用紧凑的磁控管型腔和Rb蒸汽单元，并用N2-Ar混合缓冲气体密封。时钟频率对温度波动的依赖性估计为2×10-11 /°C。为了追求稳定的温度，物理包装上实现了三级温度调节器。它采用开环和闭环控制相结合的方式来解决加热炉之间显着的热耦合问题。在实验室环境下，平均1天后测得的温度变化的Hadamard偏差为4×10-5°C。