Inertial navigation represents a unique method of navigation, in which there is no dependency on external sources of information. As opposed to other position fixing navigation techniques, inertial navigation performs the navigation in a relative sense with respect to the initial navigation state of the moving platform. Hence, inertial navigation systems are not prone to jamming, or spoofing. Inertial navigation systems have developed vastly, from their occurrence in the 1940s up to date. The accuracy of the inertial sensors has improved over time, making inertial sensors sufficient in terms of size, weight, cost, and accuracy for navigation and guidance applications. Within the past few years, inertial sensors have developed from being purely mechanical into incorporating various technologies and taking advantage of numerous physical phenomena, from which the dynamic forces exerted on a moving body could be computed accurately. Besides, the evolution of inertial navigation scheme involved the evolution from stable-platform inertial navigation system, which were mechanically complicated, to computationally demanding strap-down inertial navigation systems. Optical sensory technologies have provided highly accurate inertial sensors, at smaller sizes. Besides, the vibratory inertial navigation technologies enabled the production of Micro-electro-machined inertial sensors that are extremely low-cost, and offer extremely low size, weight and power consumption, making them suitable for a wide range of day-to-day navigation applications. Recently, advanced inertial sensor technologies have been introduced to the industry such as nuclear magnetic resonance technology, cold-atom technology, and the re-introduction of fluid-based inertial sensors. On another note, inertial sensor errors constitute a huge research aspect in which it is intended for inertial sensors to reach level in which they could operate for substantially long operation times in the absence of updates from aiding sensors, which would be a huge leap. Inertial sensors error modeling techniques have been developing rapidly trying to ensure higher levels of navigation accuracy using lower-cost inertial sensors. In this review, the inertial sensor technologies are covered extensively, along the future trends in the inertial sensors’ technologies. Besides, this review covers a brief overview on the inertial error modeling techniques used to enhance the performance of low-cost sensors.

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导航应用的惯性传感器技术：最新发展和未来趋势

惯性导航代表一种独特的导航方法，其中不依赖外部信息源。与其他位置固定导航技术相反，惯性导航相对于移动平台的初始导航状态以相对的意义执行导航。因此，惯性导航系统不容易被卡住或欺骗。从1940年代出现至今，惯性导航系统得到了巨大的发展。惯性传感器的精度随时间而提高，使得惯性传感器在尺寸，重量，成本和精度方面足以满足导航和制导应用的需求。在过去的几年中，惯性传感器已经从单纯的机械化发展为结合各种技术并利用众多物理现象的优势，从中可以精确计算出施加在运动物体上的动力。此外，惯性导航方案的演变涉及从机械复杂的稳定平台惯性导航系统到计算要求严格的捷联惯性导航系统的演变。光学传感技术提供了尺寸更小的高精度惯性传感器。此外，振动惯性导航技术使微电机惯性传感器的生产成本极低，并具有极小的尺寸，重量和功耗，使其适用于广泛的日常导航应用程序。最近，先进的惯性传感器技术已引入行业，例如核磁共振技术，冷原子技术，以及重新引入基于流体的惯性传感器。另一方面，惯性传感器误差构成了一个巨大的研究方面，在此方面，惯性传感器的目的是达到在没有辅助传感器更新的情况下它们可以在相当长的运行时间内运行的水平，这将是一个巨大的飞跃。惯性传感器误差建模技术已经迅速发展，试图使用低成本的惯性传感器来确保更高水平的导航精度。在这篇综述中，随着惯性传感器技术的未来趋势，对惯性传感器技术进行了广泛的介绍。此外，本文还简要介绍了惯性误差建模技术，这些技术用于增强低成本传感器的性能。惯性传感器误差构成了一个巨大的研究方面，在此方面，惯性传感器的目标是在没有辅助传感器更新的情况下达到可以在相当长的运行时间内运行的水平，这将是一个巨大的飞跃。惯性传感器误差建模技术已经迅速发展，试图使用低成本的惯性传感器来确保更高水平的导航精度。在这篇综述中，随着惯性传感器技术的未来趋势，对惯性传感器技术进行了广泛的介绍。此外，本文还简要介绍了惯性误差建模技术，这些技术用于增强低成本传感器的性能。惯性传感器误差构成了一个巨大的研究方面，其中惯性传感器要达到一种水平，即在没有辅助传感器更新的情况下，惯性传感器可以在相当长的运行时间内工作，这将是一个巨大的飞跃。惯性传感器误差建模技术已经迅速发展，试图使用低成本的惯性传感器来确保更高水平的导航精度。在这篇综述中，随着惯性传感器技术的未来趋势，对惯性传感器技术进行了广泛的介绍。此外，本文还简要介绍了惯性误差建模技术，这些技术用于增强低成本传感器的性能。