For clean hydropower generation while sustaining ecosystems, minimizing harmful impacts and balancing multiple water needs is an integral component. One particularly harmful effect not managed explicitly by hydropower operations is thermal destabilization of downstream waters. To demonstrate that the thermal destabilization by hydropower dams can be managed while maximizing energy production, we modelled thermal change in downstream waters as a function of decision variables for hydropower operation (reservoir level, powered/spillway release, storage), forecast reservoir inflow and air temperature for a dam site with in situ thermal measurements. For data-limited regions, remote sensing-based temperature estimation algorithm was established using thermal infrared band of Landsat ETM+ over multiple dams. The model for water temperature change was used to impose additional constraints of tolerable downstream cooling or warming (1–6 °C of change) on multi-objective optimization to maximize hydropower. A reservoir release policy adaptive to thermally optimum levels for aquatic species was derived. The novel concept was implemented for Detroit dam in Oregon (USA). Resulting benefits to hydropower generation strongly correlated with allowable flexibility in temperature constraints. Wet years were able to satisfy stringent temperature constraints and produce substantial hydropower benefits, while dry years, in contrast, were challenging to adhere to the upstream thermal regime.

中文翻译：

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通过大坝实现生态系统安全的水电。

对于在维持生态系统的同时进行清洁水力发电而言，将有害影响降至最低并平衡多种水需求是不可或缺的组成部分。水电运营没有明确控制的一种特别有害的影响是下游水域的热失稳。为了证明在最大程度地生产能源的同时可以管理水坝的热失稳，我们对下游水域的热变化建模，作为水电运营决策变量（水库水位，动力/溢洪道释放，存储），预测水库入水量和空气量的函数大坝现场温度与现场热测量。对于数据有限的区域，使用Landsat ETM +的热红外波段在多个大坝上建立了基于遥感的温度估算算法。水温变化模型用于在多目标优化中施加可承受的下游冷却或升温（变化1–6°C）的附加约束，以最大化水力发电。得出了适应水生物种热最适水平的水库释放策略。这个新概念是在美国俄勒冈州的底特律大坝上实施的。水力发电的最终收益与温度限制的允许灵活性紧密相关。湿年能够满足严格的温度限制并产生可观的水力发电收益，而相反，干年则难以坚持上游的热力状态。得出了适应水生物种热最适水平的水库释放策略。这个新概念是在美国俄勒冈州的底特律大坝上实施的。水力发电的最终收益与温度限制的允许灵活性紧密相关。湿年能够满足严格的温度限制并产生可观的水力发电收益，而相反，干年则难以坚持上游的热力状态。得出了适应水生物种热最适水平的水库释放策略。这个新概念是在美国俄勒冈州的底特律大坝上实施的。水力发电的最终收益与温度限制的允许灵活性紧密相关。湿年能够满足严格的温度限制并产生可观的水力发电收益，而相反，干年则难以坚持上游的热力状态。