Adaptive middleware is essential for developing distributed systems in several applications domains. The design and implementation of this kind of middleware, however, it is still a challenge due to general adaptation issues, such as When to adapt? Where to include the adaptation code? What to adapt?, and How to guarantee safe adaptations?. Current solutions commonly face these challenges at the implementation level and do not focus on the safety aspects of the adaptation. This paper proposes a holistic solution implemented in Go programming language for developing adaptive middleware centred on the adoption of software architecture principles combined with lightweight use of formalisms. Software architecture concepts work as an enabling approach for structuring and adapting the middleware. Meanwhile, the formalisation helps in providing some guarantees before and during the middleware execution. The proposed solution is evaluated by implementing an adaptive middleware and comparing its performance against existing middleware systems. As shown in the experimental evaluation, the proposed solution enables us to design and implement safe adaptive middleware systems without compromising their performance.

中文翻译：

---

自适应中间件-一种基于软件架构的方法

自适应中间件对于在多个应用程序域中开发分布式系统至关重要。但是，由于一般的适应问题，例如何时适应，这种中间件的设计和实现仍然是一个挑战。哪里包括适应代码？适应什么？以及如何保证安全的适应？当前的解决方案通常在实施级别面临这些挑战，并且不关注适应的安全性方面。本文提出了一种以Go编程语言实现的整体解决方案，以开发自适应中间件，其重点是采用软件体系结构原理并结合轻量级的形式化用法。软件体系结构的概念是构建和调整中间件的一种可行方法。与此同时，形式化有助于在中间件执行之前和期间提供一些保证。通过实现自适应中间件并将其性能与现有中间件系统进行比较来评估所提出的解决方案。如实验评估所示，所提出的解决方案使我们能够设计和实现安全的自适应中间件系统，而不会影响其性能。