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Comparative metatranscriptome analysis revealed broad response of microbial communities in two soil types, agriculture versus organic soil
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-14 , DOI: 10.1186/s43141-019-0006-3
Pushpender Kumar Sharma , Vinay Sharma , Shailesh Sharma , Garima Bhatia , Kashmir Singh , Rohit Sharma

Studying expression of genes by direct sequencing and analysis of metatranscriptomes at a particular time and space can disclose structural and functional insights about microbial communities. The present study reports comparative analysis of metatranscriptome from two distinct soil ecosystems referred as M1 (agriculture soil) and O1 (organic soil). Analysis of sequencing reads revealed Proteobacteria as major dominant phyla in both soil types. The order of the top 3 abundant phyla in M1 sample was Proteobacteria > Ascomycota > Firmicutes, whereas in sample O1, the order was Proteobacteria > Cyanobacteria > Actinobacteria. Analysis of differentially expressed genes demonstrated high expression of transcripts related to copper-binding proteins, proteins involved in electron carrier activity, DNA integration, endonuclease activity, MFS transportation, and other uncharacterized proteins in M1 compared to O1. Of the particular interests, several transcripts related to nitrification, ammonification, stress response, and alternate carbon fixation pathways were highly expressed in M1. In-depth analysis of the sequencing data revealed that transcripts of archaeal origin had high expression in M1 compared to O1 indicating the active role of Archaea in metal- and pesticide-contaminated environment. In addition, transcripts encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, glyoxalase/bleomycin resistance protein/dioxygenase, metapyrocatechase, and ring hydroxylating dioxygenases of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation pathways had high expression in M1. Altogether, this study provided important insights about the transcripts and pathways upregulating in the presence of pesticides and herbicides. Altogether, this study claims a high expression of microbial transcripts in two ecosystems with a wide range of functions. It further provided clue about several molecular markers which could be a strong indicator of metal and pesticide contamination in soils. Interestingly, our study revealed that Archaea are playing a significant role in nitrification process as compared to bacteria in metal- and pesticide-contaminated soil. In particular, high expression of transcripts related to aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in M1 soil indicates their important role in biodegradation of pollutants, and therefore, further investigation is needed.

中文翻译:

对比转录组分析表明,两种土壤类型的微生物群落具有广泛的响应:农业土壤与有机土壤

通过在特定的时间和空间进行直接测序和元转录组分析来研究基因的表达,可以揭示有关微生物群落的结构和功能方面的见解。本研究报告了来自两个不同的土壤生态系统(M1(农业土壤)和O1(有机土壤))的转录组的比较分析。测序读数的分析表明,变形杆菌是两种土壤中的主要优势种。M1样品中前3个丰富的门的顺序为变形杆菌>子囊>硬毛,而在O1样品中,依次为变形杆菌>蓝细菌>放线菌。差异表达基因的分析表明,与铜结合蛋白,参与电子载流子活性,DNA整合,核酸内切酶活性,与O1相比,M1中的MFS转运和其他未表征的蛋白质。特别令人感兴趣的是,与硝化,氨化,应激反应和其他碳固定途径相关的一些转录本在M1中得到了高度表达。对测序数据的深入分析表明,与O1相比,古细菌起源的转录本在M1中具有高表达,这表明古细菌在金属和农药污染的环境中具有积极作用。另外,编码4-羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶,乙二醛酶/博来霉素抗性蛋白/双加氧酶,间焦磷酸酯酶和芳香烃降解途径的环羟基化双加氧酶的转录物在M1中高表达。共,这项研究提供了有关农药和除草剂存在时转录本和上调途径的重要见解。总之,这项研究声称微生物转录本在具有广泛功能的两个生态系统中高表达。它进一步提供了有关几种分子标记的线索,这些标记可能是土壤中金属和农药污染的有力指标。有趣的是,我们的研究表明,与金属和农药污染土壤中的细菌相比,古细菌在硝化过程中起着重要作用。特别是,与M1土壤中芳烃降解相关的转录本的高表达表明它们在污染物的生物降解中具有重要作用,因此需要进一步研究。这项研究声称微生物转录本在两个具有广泛功能的生态系统中高表达。它进一步提供了有关几种分子标记的线索,这些分子标记可能是土壤中金属和农药污染的有力指标。有趣的是,我们的研究表明,与金属和农药污染土壤中的细菌相比,古细菌在硝化过程中起着重要作用。特别是,与M1土壤中芳烃降解相关的转录本的高表达表明它们在污染物的生物降解中具有重要作用,因此,需要进一步研究。这项研究声称微生物转录本在两个具有广泛功能的生态系统中高表达。它进一步提供了有关几种分子标记的线索,这些分子标记可能是土壤中金属和农药污染的有力指标。有趣的是,我们的研究表明,与金属和农药污染土壤中的细菌相比,古细菌在硝化过程中起着重要作用。特别是,与M1土壤中芳烃降解相关的转录本的高表达表明它们在污染物的生物降解中具有重要作用,因此需要进一步研究。我们的研究表明,与金属和农药污染土壤中的细菌相比,古细菌在硝化过程中起着重要作用。特别是,与M1土壤中芳烃降解相关的转录本的高表达表明它们在污染物的生物降解中具有重要作用,因此需要进一步研究。我们的研究表明,与金属和农药污染土壤中的细菌相比,古细菌在硝化过程中起着重要作用。特别是,与M1土壤中芳烃降解相关的转录本的高表达表明它们在污染物的生物降解中具有重要作用,因此需要进一步研究。
更新日期:2019-10-14
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