Background The city of Addis Ababa is under rapid development and there are enormous construction activities along with rapid urbanization, and industrialization. These anthropogenic actions combined with population growth rate are affecting the water demand of the city. The overall purpose of this study is to model water supply and demand of the city and to identify potential water management strategies that supports the sustainable development goal number six (SDG6)—clean water and sanitation. Methods We employed the Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP) modelling framework to analyze different scenarios for water demand and supply. The scenarios include population growth, living standard, as well as other supply and demand strategies. Results For the modelling period, the reference scenario shows unmet water demand increases by around 48%, from 208 to 307 million cubic meter in 2015 and 2030 respectively. High population growth rate and high living standard scenarios have a great negative impact on the water supply system. Conclusions Satisfying the future water demand of Addis Ababa will depend on the measures which are taken today. The integrated water management practices such as reuse of water and the selected future scenarios are proposed to decrease and manage the unmet water demand of the city. Hence, future predicted scenarios which is the combination of the external factors (i.e. population growth rate and living standard) and water management strategies were considered. From the analyzed scenarios, optimistic future strategies will support the management of the existing water supply and demand system of the city. Similarly, in the integrated management strategies scenario, it was assumed that measures were taken at both the demand and supply side to improve the efficiency of water in the entire chain. Thus, if the water sector professionals and other concerned bodies consider the selected scenarios, it will go a long way to solve the water shortage problem in the city, and this will also help to promote sustainable water management.

中文翻译：

---

埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴市可持续供水和需求的建模情景

背景 亚的斯亚贝巴市正处于快速发展阶段，伴随着快速的城市化和工业化进程，大量的建设活动。这些人为行为与人口增长率相结合，正在影响城市的用水需求。本研究的总体目的是模拟城市的供水和需求，并确定支持可持续发展目标六（SDG6）——清洁水和卫生设施的潜在水管理策略。方法 我们采用水资源评估和规划系统 (WEAP) 建模框架来分析不同的水资源需求和供应情景。这些情景包括人口增长、生活水平以及其他供需策略。结果 在建模期间，参考情景显示未满足的用水需求增加了约 48%，2015 年和 2030 年分别从 2.08 亿立方米增至 3.07 亿立方米。高人口增长率和高生活水平情景对供水系统有很大的负面影响。结论 满足亚的斯亚贝巴未来的用水需求将取决于今天采取的措施。综合水资源管理实践，如水的再利用和选定的未来情景，旨在减少和管理城市未满足的用水需求。因此，考虑了外部因素（即人口增长率和生活水平）和水资源管理策略相结合的未来预测情景。从分析的情景来看，乐观的未来战略将支持城市现有供水和需求系统的管理。同样，在综合管理战略情景中，假设在需求和供应方面都采取了措施来提高整个供应链中的用水效率。因此，如果水务部门的专业人士和其他相关机构考虑选定的情景，将大大有助于解决城市缺水问题，也将有助于促进可持续的水资源管理。