Sphaeranthus indicus is an important medicinal plant, which is used to cure various illnesses. The present study is the first investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Sphaeranthus indicus from Chhattisgarh, India. The whole plant and plant parts were extracted with polar and non-polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane to assess various bioactivities. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were performed by ager well diffusion method and ferrous reducing capacity, respectively; However free radical scavenging activity was analyzed using DMPD and DPPH scavenging assay. The DMPD and DPPH assay were performed in a time dependent manner. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed for the total phytochemicals present in the plant extracts. The total content of phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids was analyzed by colorimetric methods. Ethyl acetate and hexane extract of plant inflorescence and stem exhibited significant antibacterial activity against tested bacterial pathogens. The clinically isolated gram positive pathogenic bacteria responded better as compared to clinically isolated gram negative bacteria as well as pathogenic gram positive and negative bacteria acquired from Microbial Type Culture Collection, India. The leaf and inflorescence exhibited potent antioxidant activity. The polar fraction of leaf methanol extract exhibited the highest reducing power capacity. The aqueous extract of inflorescence exhibited highest inhibition against DMPD and DPPH radicals. The whole plant aqueous extract showed maximum inhibition while aqueous extract of inflorescence exhibited high inhibition among different plant parts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides in plant parts. Total terpenoid content was found to be highest in polar fraction of stem methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of inflorescence. However, total phenol was found to be highest in polar fraction of leaf methanol extract, similarly highest flavonoid content was observed in aqueous extract of leaf. The results suggest that biological activities of plant parts depend on content of active phytochemicals. The inflorescence could be a potential source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compound. Further, investigation pertaining isolation and characterization of active ingredient may provide an insight regarding its phytochemical activity.

中文翻译：

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整株植物和印度菊科植物部分抗菌和抗氧化活性的比较评估。（菊科）

印度菊是一种重要的药用植物，可用于治疗各种疾病。本研究是对印度恰蒂斯加尔邦印度S的抗菌，抗氧化剂和植物化学分析的首次调查。用极性和非极性溶剂（例如水，甲醇，乙酸乙酯和己烷）提取整个植物和植物的部分，以评估各种生物活性。抗菌作用和抗氧化作用分别通过井扩散法和亚铁还原能力进行；然而，使用DMPD和DPPH清除测定法分析了清除自由基的活性。DMPD和DPPH测定以时间依赖性方式进行。对植物提取物中存在的全部植物化学物质进行了定性和定量分析。酚的总含量 通过比色法分析了类黄酮和萜类化合物。植物花序和茎的乙酸乙酯和己烷提取物对测试的细菌病原体表现出显着的抗菌活性。与临床分离的革兰氏阴性细菌以及从印度微生物型培养物保藏中心获得的致病性革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌相比，临床分离的革兰氏阳性致病菌的反应更好。叶和花序表现出有效的抗氧化活性。叶甲醇提取物的极性级分表现出最高的还原能力。花序水提取物对DMPD和DPPH自由基表现出最高的抑制作用。整个植物水提取物显示出最大的抑制作用，而花序水提取物在不同植物部分之间表现出高抑制作用。定性植物化学分析表明，植物部位存在萜类化合物，酚，类黄酮，单宁和强心苷。发现总萜类化合物含量最高的是花序茎甲醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物中的极性部分。然而，发现总酚在叶甲醇提取物的极性部分中最高，在叶水提取物中也观察到最高的类黄酮含量。结果表明植物部位的生物活性取决于活性植物化学物质的含量。花序可能是抗菌和抗氧化剂化合物的潜在来源。进一步，