Consumption of plant-derived nutraceuticals and crude drugs in Arab traditional medicine is widely believed to confer beneficial effects in liver and kidney diseases. Fruits from the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. are a rich source of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals which possess a myriad of pharmacological effects. Herein, we examined the impact of Date Palm Pollen (DPP) aqueous suspension treatment on paracetamol (APAP) [Acetaminophen (APAP)] triggered hepatorenal damage in rats and further explored the underlying putative mechanism. Thirty Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n = 6/group). Group I was control group; animals in group II were administered APAP 1000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitonealy (i.p.); Group III and IV administered APAP plus date palm pollen with doses of 50, 100 mg/kg b.w and group V were administered APAP plus Silymarin (SIL) 10 mg/kg b.w. (i.p) respectively. Various biochemical parameters and histological assessment were evaluated in serum and tissue homogenate. Pretreatment with DPP aqueous suspensions (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) significantly (p < 0.05) thwarted APAP triggered alterations in serum biomarkers of liver damage [aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], serum albumin as well as bilirubin. DPP treatment further mitigated APAP triggered dyslipidemia associated with hepatic damage by influencing APAP elicited changes in serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL. DPP treatment significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated extrahepatic manifestations of APAP toxicity by influencing alterations in parameters of renal function (creatinine, urea and uric acid) as well serum electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium and Calcium). DPP treatment further influenced APAP-induced histological lesions by curtailing necrosis and inflammatory changes in the hepatic and renal architecture, respectively. Furthermore, DPP treatment modulated APAP-induced redox imbalance in the hepatic and renal tissue by blunting the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as decrease of nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with control. The protective effect of DPP was further confirmed histologically. The present observations point to an hepatorenal protective effects of acute DPP treatment in APAP-intoxicated rats which is underpinned by its robust antioxidant properties.

中文翻译：

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枣椰花粉对凤凰扑热息痛大鼠肝肾毒性的影响

人们普遍认为，阿拉伯传统药物中植物性保健食品和粗制药物的消费对肝脏和肾脏疾病具有有益作用。椰枣凤凰果的果实是营养物质和生物活性植物化学物质的丰富来源，具有多种药理作用。在本文中，我们研究了枣棕榈花粉（DPP）水悬浮液处理对大鼠对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）[对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）]触发肝肾损伤的影响，并进一步探讨了潜在的推测机制。将30只Wistar大鼠分为5组（n = 6 /组）。第一组是对照组。II组的动物腹膜内（ip）给予APAP 1000 mg / kg体重（bw）；第三和第四组分别以50、100 mg / kg的剂量施用APAP加椰枣花粉。w和V组分别接受APAP加水飞蓟素（SIL）10 mg / kg bw（ip）的剂量。在血清和组织匀浆中评估各种生化参数和组织学评估。用DPP水性悬浮液（50和100 mg / kg体重）进行的预处理（p <0.05）严重挫伤了APAP，触发了肝损伤血清生物标志物的改变[天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST），丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT），γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）]，血清白蛋白和胆红素。DPP治疗通过影响APAP引起的血清胆固醇，甘油三酸酯，HDL，LDL和VLDL水平的变化，进一步减轻了APAP引发的与肝损害相关的血脂异常。DPP治疗显着（p <0。05）通过影响肾功能参数（肌酐，尿素和尿酸）以及血清电解质（钠，钾和钙）的改变，改善了APAP的肝外表现。DPP治疗分别通过减少肝和肾结构的坏死和炎症变化进一步影响了APAP诱导的组织学病变。此外，与对照相比，DPP处理通过显着降低丙二醛（MDA）的增加以及非蛋白质巯基（NP-SH）的减少来调节APAP诱导的肝和肾组织氧化还原失衡（p <0.05）。组织学进一步证实了DPP的保护作用。