Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the abnormal assembly of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau aggregates in the brain. When Aβ and tau proteins misfold, progressive brain cell death, synaptic loss, atrophy, and cognitive decline are observed. Here, we report that the memory-enhancing botanical natural product mixture, HX106N, efficiently inhibits formation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils and aggregation of tau. HX106N is a botanical mixture extract of Dimocarpus longan, Liriope platyphylla, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Gastrodia elata. In previous clinical studies, HX106N showed increased working memory performances of individuals of subjective memory complaints. However, the drug mechanism and responsible ingredients of HX106N has been unclear yet. In this study, we expanded the investigation of the drug mode of action to the single chemical level by identifying four active components of HX106N, among 14 isolated molecules, with significant inhibitory function against Aβ aggregation. We found that salvianolic acids A, B, E and rosmarinic acid, isolated from the botanical mixture, have potency to inhibit the protein misfolding.

中文翻译：

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增强记忆力的植物混合物及其分离的化合物抑制淀粉样β和tau聚集的研究

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征在于大脑中淀粉样β（Aβ）和tau聚集体的异常组装。当Aβ和tau蛋白错误折叠时，观察到进行性脑细胞死亡，突触丧失，萎缩和认知能力下降。在这里，我们报告说，增强记忆的植物天然产物混合物HX106N有效抑制Aβ低聚物和原纤维的形成以及tau的聚集。HX106N是龙眼果，白果，丹参和天麻的植物混合物提取物。在以前的临床研究中，HX106N显示出主观记忆抱怨的个体的工作记忆表现增强。但是，HX106N的药物作用机理和相关成分尚不清楚。在这个研究中，我们通过在14个分离的分子中鉴定HX106N的四个活性成分，并对Aβ聚集具有明显的抑制功能，将药物作用方式的研究扩展到了单一化学水平。我们发现，从植物混合物中分离出来的丹酚酸A，B，E和迷迭香酸具有抑制蛋白质错误折叠的功效。