Background. Africans are experiencing a rapid epidemiological transition characterized by urbanization and lifestyle changes, which are thought to contribute to increased incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in many African countries, including Ethiopia. Despite this, however, there is scarcity of evidence on cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults in the current research setting. This study thus aimed at assessing determinants of selected cardiovascular diseases among adult patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital (DBRH). Methodology. An unmatched case-control study was conducted on 143 newly diagnosed patients with CVDs and 286 controls at the cardiac clinic of DBRH from June to September 2017. Primary data were collected using the WHO-STEPS wise structured questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases at values < 0.05. Result. The mean age of study participants is estimated as and ranges from 25 to 64 years. Sixty-one (42.7%) of cases and 147 (51.4%) of controls are males. Half of the cases (49.9%) had ischemic heart diseases (IHD), and 44.1% of cases had hypertensive heart disease (HHD), whereas the rest had chronic valvular heart disease (CRVHD) (4.2%) and peripheral and vascular disease (2.1%). This study identified older age as a risk factor for CVD: age group 35–44 years (; 95% CI: 1.05–4.62), 45-54 years (; 95% CI: 2.19–8.16), and 55-64 years (; 95% CI: 3.26–10.98). Other risk factors were smoking history (; 95% CI: 2.12–42.8), low level of physical activity (; 95% CI: 1.10–5.02), and higher waist circumference (; 95% CI: 1.16–6.56). Conclusion. This study has demonstrated that the most frequent risk factors for CVD were older age, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and abdominal obesity. Therefore, behavior change communication focusing on lifestyle modification including regular physical activities, smoking cessation, and a balanced diet should be strengthened.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚 Debre Berhan 转诊医院心脏诊所成人患者选定心血管疾病的决定因素：无与伦比的病例对照研究。

背景。非洲人正在经历以城市化和生活方式改变为特征的快速流行病学转变，这被认为是导致包括埃塞俄比亚在内的许多非洲国家心血管疾病 (CVD) 发病率和患病率增加的原因。然而，尽管如此，在目前的研究环境中，关于成年人心血管疾病危险因素的证据仍然很少。因此，本研究旨在评估 Debre Berhan 转诊医院 (DBRH) 成年患者中选定心血管疾病的决定因素。方法. 2017 年 6 月至 2017 年 9 月，在 DBRH 心脏诊所对 143 名新诊断的 CVD 患者和 286 名对照进行了一项无与伦比的病例对照研究。使用 WHO-STEPS 明智结构化问卷收集原始数据。多元逻辑回归分析用于确定心血管疾病的潜在危险因素，值 < 0.05。结果。研究参与者的平均年龄估计为范围从 25 到 64 岁。61 例 (42.7%) 病例和 147 例 (51.4%) 对照是男性。半数（49.9%）有缺血性心脏病（IHD），44.1%有高血压性心脏病（HHD），其余有慢性瓣膜性心脏病（CRVHD）（4.2%）和外周血管疾病（ 2.1%）。本研究确定年龄较大是 CVD 的危险因素：年龄组 35-44 岁（; 95% CI: 1.05–4.62), 45-54 岁 (; 95% CI：2.19-8.16）和 55-64 岁（; 95% CI：3.26–10.98）。其他危险因素是吸烟史（; 95% CI：2.12–42.8），低水平的体力活动（; 95% CI：1.10-5.02），腰围更高（; 95% CI：1.16–6.56）。结论。这项研究表明，心血管疾病最常见的危险因素是年龄较大、吸烟、缺乏运动和腹部肥胖。因此，应加强以改变生活方式为重点的行为改变沟通，包括定期体育活动、戒烟和均衡饮食。