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Untangling cryptic diversity in the High Andes: Revision of the Scytalopus [magellanicus] complex (Rhinocryptidae) in Peru reveals three new species
Ornithology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-21 , DOI: 10.1093/auk/ukaa003
Niels K Krabbe 1 , Thomas S Schulenberg 2, 3 , Peter A Hosner 1, 4, 5, 6 , Kenneth V Rosenberg 2, 3, 7 , Tristan J Davis 2 , Gary H Rosenberg 2 , Daniel F Lane 2 , Michael J Andersen 4, 8 , Mark B Robbins 4 , Carlos Daniel Cadena 9 , Thomas Valqui 2, 10, 11 , Jessie F Salter 2 , Andrew J Spencer 3 , Fernando Angulo 10 , Jon Fjeldså 1, 6
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Tropical mountains feature marked species turnover along elevational gradients and across complex topography, resulting in great concentrations of avian biodiversity. In these landscapes, particularly among morphologically conserved and difficult to observe avian groups, species limits still require clarification. One such lineage is Scytalopus tapaculos, which are among the morphologically most conserved birds. Attention to their distinctive vocal repertoires and phylogenetic relationships has resulted in a proliferation of newly identified species, many of which are restricted range endemics. Here, we present a revised taxonomy and identify species limits among high-elevation populations of Scytalopus tapaculos inhabiting the Peruvian Andes. We employ an integrated framework using a combination of vocal information, mitochondrial DNA sequences, and appearance, gathered from our own fieldwork over the past 40 yr and supplemented with community-shared birdsong archives and museum specimens. We describe 3 new species endemic to Peru. Within all 3 of these species there is genetic differentiation, which in 2 species is mirrored by subtle geographic plumage and vocal variation. In a fourth species, Scytalopus schulenbergi, we document deep genetic divergence and plumage differences despite overall vocal similarity. We further propose that an extralimital taxon, Scytalopus opacus androstictus, be elevated to species rank, based on a diagnostic vocal character. Our results demonstrate that basic exploration and descriptive work using diverse data sources continues to identify new species of birds, particularly in tropical environs.

中文翻译:

解开安第斯山脉的神秘多样性:秘鲁 Scytalopus [magellanicus] 复合体(Rhinocryptidae)的修订揭示了三个新物种

摘要 热带山脉沿海拔梯度和复杂地形具有显着的物种更新,导致鸟类生物多样性的高度集中。在这些景观中,特别是在形态上保守且难以观察的鸟类群体中,物种限制仍然需要澄清。一种这样的谱系是 Scytalopus tapaculos,它们是形态学上最保守的鸟类之一。对它们独特的声音曲目和系统发育关系的关注导致了新发现的物种的扩散,其中许多是限制范围的地方性物种。在这里,我们提出了修订后的分类法,并确定了栖息在秘鲁安第斯山脉的 Scytalopus tapaculos 高海拔种群的物种限制。我们采用综合框架,结合声音信息,线粒体 DNA 序列和外观,从我们过去 40 年的实地工作中收集,并辅以社区共享的鸟鸣档案和博物馆标本。我们描述了秘鲁特有的 3 个新物种。在这 3 个物种中都存在遗传分化,其中 2 个物种通过微妙的地理羽毛和声音变化反映出来。在第四个物种 Scytalopus schulenbergi 中,尽管整体声音相似,但我们记录了深刻的遗传差异和羽毛差异。我们进一步建议,根据诊断性的声音特征,将一个额外的分类群 Scytalopus opacus androstictus 提升到物种等级。我们的结果表明,使用不同数据源的基本探索和描述工作继续识别新的鸟类物种,特别是在热带环境中。从我们过去 40 年的实地调查中收集而来,并辅以社区共享的鸟鸣档案和博物馆标本。我们描述了秘鲁特有的 3 个新物种。在这 3 个物种中都存在遗传分化,其中 2 个物种通过微妙的地理羽毛和声音变化反映出来。在第四个物种 Scytalopus schulenbergi 中,尽管整体声音相似,但我们记录了深刻的遗传差异和羽毛差异。我们进一步建议,根据诊断性的声音特征,将一个额外的分类群 Scytalopus opacus androstictus 提升到物种等级。我们的结果表明,使用不同数据源的基本探索和描述工作继续识别新的鸟类物种,特别是在热带环境中。从我们过去 40 年的实地调查中收集而来,并辅以社区共享的鸟鸣档案和博物馆标本。我们描述了秘鲁特有的 3 个新物种。在这 3 个物种中都存在遗传分化,其中 2 个物种通过微妙的地理羽毛和声音变化反映出来。在第四个物种 Scytalopus schulenbergi 中,尽管整体声音相似,但我们记录了深刻的遗传差异和羽毛差异。我们进一步建议,根据诊断性的声音特征,将一个额外的分类群 Scytalopus opacus androstictus 提升到物种等级。我们的结果表明,使用不同数据源的基本探索和描述工作继续识别新的鸟类物种,特别是在热带环境中。
更新日期:2020-02-21
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