Defects in craniofacial bones occur congenitally, after high-energy impacts, and during the course of treatment for stroke and cancer. These injuries are difficult to heal due to the overwhelming size of the injury area and the inflammatory environment surrounding the injury. Significant inflammatory response after injury may greatly inhibit regenerative healing. We have developed mineralized collagen scaffolds that can induce osteogenic differentiation and matrix biosynthesis in the absence of osteogenic media or supplemental proteins. The amniotic membrane is derived from placentas and has been recently investigated as an extracellular matrix to prevent chronic inflammation. Herein, we hypothesized that a mineralized collagen–amnion composite scaffold could increase osteogenic activity in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. We report mechanical properties of a mineralized collagen–amnion scaffold and investigated osteogenic differentiation and mineral deposition of porcine adipose-derived stem cells within these scaffolds as a function of inflammatory challenge. Incorporation of amniotic membrane matrix promotes osteogenesis similarly to un-modified mineralized collagen scaffolds, and increases in mineralized collagen–amnion scaffolds under inflammatory challenge. Together, these findings suggest that a mineralized collagen–amnion scaffold may provide a beneficial environment to aid craniomaxillofacial bone repair, especially in the course of defects presenting significant inflammatory complications.

中文翻译：

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用羊膜基质制成的矿化胶原支架可在炎症条件下增加成骨。

颅面骨的缺陷是先天性的，在高能量冲击之后，以及在中风和癌症的治疗过程中发生。由于损伤区域的压倒性大小和损伤周围的炎症环境，这些损伤难以愈合。损伤后显着的炎症反应可能极大地抑制再生愈合。我们开发了矿化胶原支架，可以在没有成骨培养基或补充蛋白质的情况下诱导成骨分化和基质生物合成。羊膜来源于胎盘，最近被研究作为细胞外基质来预防慢性炎症。在此，我们假设矿化胶原-羊膜复合支架可以在炎性细胞因子存在的情况下增加成骨活性。我们报告了矿化胶原-羊膜支架的机械特性，并研究了这些支架内猪脂肪干细胞的成骨分化和矿物质沉积作为炎症挑战的函数。与未修饰的矿化胶原支架类似，羊膜基质的加入促进成骨，并在炎症挑战下增加矿化胶原 - 羊膜支架。总之，这些发现表明矿化胶原-羊膜支架可以提供有益的环境来帮助颅颌面骨修复，尤其是在出现严重炎症并发症的缺损过程中。