Microbial cultures are dynamic systems that can accumulate inheritable changes when propagated and/or stored in laboratory environments. These changes often affect key virulence traits that are targeted during the development and testing of medical countermeasures and pathogen detection assays. For example, laboratory-propagated Francisella tularensis and Coxiella burnetii tend to lose distinctive surface antigens that protect them from the host immune response (1–3). When cultured at 37°C, Yesinia pestis frequently jettisons the pCD plasmid, which encodes a number of key virulence genes associated with the bacteria’s type II secretion system (4, 5). In yet another example, laboratory-acclimated Bacillus anthracis is less likely to sporulate (6).

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附录 R：验证和记录微生物培养之间关系的指南

微生物培养是动态系统，在实验室环境中传播和/或储存时可以积累可遗传的变化。这些变化通常会影响在医学对策和病原体检测分析的开发和测试过程中所针对的关键毒力特征。例如，实验室繁殖的土拉弗朗西斯菌和伯内氏柯克氏菌往往会失去保护它们免受宿主免疫反应的独特表面抗原。1-3）。在 37°C 下培养时，鼠疫杆菌经常抛弃 pCD 质粒，该质粒编码许多与细菌 II 型分泌系统相关的关键毒力基因。4、 5）。在另一个例子中，实验室驯化的炭疽芽孢杆菌不太可能形成孢子（6).