In glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems, paraquat applied in mixtures with residual herbicides prior to crop emergence offers an alternative herbicide mode of action (MOA) to aid in GR weed management. Rice is sensitive to off-target herbicide movement; however, severity of injury can vary with herbicide, rate, and formulation. Therefore, research was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in Stoneville, MS, to characterize rice response to a sublethal concentration of paraquat applied at 84 g ai ha–1 in combination with common residual herbicides. Paraquat plus metribuzin injured rice 68% to 69% 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT), which was 10% to 13% greater than injury following paraquat alone or paraquat plus fomesafen. Pooled across metribuzin and fomesafen treatments, paraquat reduced rough rice yields 23%. Paraquat plus 10 different residual herbicides injured rice ≥51% 28 DAT and reduced rough rice yields ≥21%. These studies indicate a severe negative impact on rice growth and development following exposure to a sublethal concentration of paraquat alone or in mixture with common residual herbicides. Therefore, applications of paraquat plus residual herbicides to fields in proximity to rice should be avoided if conditions are conducive for off-target movement.

中文翻译：

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暴露于亚致死浓度的百草枯单独使用或与常见的残留除草剂混合使用后的水稻性能

在抗草甘膦 (GR) 种植系统中，百草枯在作物出苗前与残留除草剂混合施用，提供了一种替代除草剂作用模式 (MOA)，以帮助管理 GR 杂草。水稻对脱靶除草剂运动很敏感；然而，伤害的严重程度会因除草剂、用量和配方而异。因此，2015 年至 2017 年在密西西比州斯通维尔进行了研究，以描述水稻对 84 g ai ha 施用的亚致死浓度百草枯的反应。–1与常见的残留除草剂结合使用。百草枯加灭虫灵在处理后 14 天和 28 天 (DAT) 对水稻的伤害为 68% 至 69%，比单独使用百草枯或百草枯加氟虫胺的伤害高 10% 至 13%。百草枯综合使用metribuzin 和fomesafen 处理，使糙米产量降低了23%。百草枯加 10 种不同的残留除草剂在 28 DAT 损伤水稻≥51%，降低糙米产量≥21%。这些研究表明，单独暴露于亚致死浓度的百草枯或与常见的残留除草剂混合后，会对水稻的生长和发育产生严重的负面影响。因此，如果条件有利于脱靶运动，应避免将百草枯加残留除草剂施用于靠近水稻的田地。