The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a planned large radio interferometer designed to operate over a wide range of frequencies, and with an order of magnitude greater sensitivity and survey speed than any current radio telescope. The SKA will address many important topics in astronomy, ranging from planet formation to distant galaxies. However, in this work, we consider the perspective of the SKA as a facility for studying physics. We review four areas in which the SKA is expected to make major contributions to our understanding of fundamental physics: cosmic dawn and reionisation; gravity and gravitational radiation; cosmology and dark energy; and dark matter and astroparticle physics. These discussions demonstrate that the SKA will be a spectacular physics machine, which will provide many new breakthroughs and novel insights on matter, energy, and spacetime.

中文翻译：

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平方公里阵列的基础物理

平方公里阵列 (SKA) 是一种计划中的大型射电干涉仪，设计用于在很宽的频率范围内工作，其灵敏度和测量速度比当前任何射电望远镜都要高一个数量级。SKA 将讨论天文学中的许多重要主题，从行星形成到遥远的星系。然而，在这项工作中，我们将 SKA 视为研究物理的设施。我们回顾了 SKA 有望为我们理解基础物理学做出重大贡献的四个领域：宇宙黎明和再电离；重力和引力辐射；宇宙学和暗能量；以及暗物质和天体粒子物理学。这些讨论表明，SKA 将是一台壮观的物理机器，它将在物质、能量、