Two research teams have different opinions regarding the number of paradoxidine species close to the base of the Miaolingian in Morocco and Spain. Geyer & Vincent (2015) recognized five species based on a mosaic of overlapping characters that include some relative length and width ratios, qualitative descriptions of cranidial and pygidial outlines, and relief observations. In contrast, Álvaro et al. (2018) conducted a morphometric analysis of all these specimens from the Cambropallas telesto acme level of the Assemame quarry and concluded that the Moroccan material had been taxonomically over-split and was represented by only two species, Acadoparadoxides mureroensis and A. nobilis. Subsequently, Geyer et al. (2019) commented that we had not analysed some diagnostic characters, and applied the stratigraphic setting of their morphospecies as a diagnostic character for taxonomic identification. After sampling the Cambropallas telesto acme level in the Taroucht quarry, where the other team purchased its collection, and re-analysing the diagnostic characters claimed by Geyer et al. (2019), our conclusions are maintained: (i) morphometric values of several paratype specimens fall outside the purported ranges of diagnostic characters; (ii) all 2D morphometric analyses incorporating the diagnostic characters of the morphospecies are unable to detect interspecific differences, except for A. nobilis; and (iii) the slight concavity displayed by some pygidia, strongly controlled by preservation, is in need of 3D biometrical analysis. Hence, our proposed synonymy should be maintained until 3D statistical analyses are available on material preserved in carbonate or concretions.

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回复评论：Álvaro JJ, Esteve, J. & Zamora, S. 2019。来自摩洛哥和西班牙的最早的悖论三叶虫（寒武纪系列 3）的形态学评估 [地质杂志] 作者：Geyer G、Nowicki J、Żylińska A & Landing乙

两个研究小组对摩洛哥和西班牙苗岭期底部附近的似是而非的物种数量有不同的看法。Geyer & Vincent (2015) 根据重叠特征识别出五个物种，其中包括一些相对长度和宽度比、颅骨和尾骨轮廓的定性描述以及地形观察。相比之下，阿尔瓦罗等人. （2018）对所有这些标本进行了形态测量分析Cambropallas TelestoAssemame 采石场的最高水平，并得出结论认为摩洛哥材料在分类学上已经过度分裂并且仅由两个物种代表，鲇鱼和A. nobilis. 随后，盖尔等人. （2019）评论说我们没有分析一些诊断特征，并将其形态种的地层设置作为分类识别的诊断特征。取样后Cambropallas TelestoTaroucht 采石场的最高级别，另一个团队在那里购买了它的收藏品，并重新分析了 Geyer 声称的诊断字符等人. （2019），我们的结论得到维持：（i）几个副型标本的形态测量值超出了所谓的诊断特征范围；(ii) 所有包含形态种诊断特征的二维形态测量分析都无法检测种间差异，除了A. nobilis; (iii) 一些受保存强烈控制的pygidia显示的轻微凹度需要3D生物特征分析。因此，我们提出的同义词应保持不变，直到对保存在碳酸盐或结核中的材料进行 3D 统计分析。