Fossil fishes are among the rarest in volcanic oceanic islands, their presence providing invaluable data for the understanding of more general (palaeo)biogeographical patterns and processes. Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago) is renowned for its palaeontological heritage, with representatives of several phyla, including the Chordata. We report on the fossil fishes, resulting in an increase in the number of Pliocene fishes from the Azores to 11 taxa: seven Chondrichthyes and at least four Actinopterygii. The genus Sparisoma is reported for the first time in the fossil record. The presence of fossil remains of the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense in Last Interglacial outcrops is significant, because it posits a setback for the theory that most of the present-day Azorean marine species colonized the area after the last glacial episode. Our multidisciplinary approach combines palaeontological data with ecological and published genetic data, offering an alternative interpretation. We suggest that most of the Azorean shallow-water subtropical and temperate marine species living in the archipelago during the Last Interglacial were not affected by the decrease in sea surface temperatures during the last glacial episode. We also predict low genetic diversity for fish species presently living in the Azores and ecologically associated with fine sediments, as a result of the remobilization and sediment transport to abyssal depths, during the Last Glacial episode; these are viewed as post-glacial colonizers or as ‘bottleneck’ survivors from the Last Glaciation.

中文翻译：

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来自亚速尔群岛（大西洋东北部）圣玛丽亚岛的上新世和晚更新世放线鱼：古生态学和古生物地理意义

化石鱼类是火山洋岛屿中最稀有的鱼类之一，它们的存在为了解更普遍的（古）生物地理模式和过程提供了宝贵的数据。圣玛丽亚岛（亚速尔群岛）以其古生物学遗产而闻名，拥有包括脊索动物在内的几个门的代表。我们报告了鱼类化石，导致亚速尔群岛上新世鱼类的数量增加到 11 个类群：7 个软骨鱼纲和至少 4 个放线鱼纲。属斯帕里索马首次在化石记录中报道。鹦嘴鱼化石残骸的存在茯苓在末次间冰期露头中的发现具有重要意义，因为它为大多数当今亚速尔群岛海洋物种在末次冰期后殖民该地区的理论提出了挫折。我们的多学科方法将古生物学数据与生态学和已发表的遗传数据相结合，提供了另一种解释。我们认为，末次间冰期期间生活在群岛中的大多数亚速尔群岛浅水亚热带和温带海洋物种并未受到末次冰期期间海面温度下降的影响。我们还预测目前生活在亚速尔群岛的鱼类的遗传多样性较低，并且在末次冰期期间，由于重新活动和沉积物迁移到深海深处，与细沉积物生态相关；