Local biomass potential in Southeastern European countries is relatively high. Nevertheless, biomass residues such as wood leftovers, straw and energy crops are often not properly managed or inefficiently utilised for energy purposes in individual house heating or domestic hot water preparation. This is more relevant in rural areas, where the utilisation of biomass resources is mainly based upon traditional technologies, has low efficiency or is carried out by using individual bases without local energy supply management. Usage of biomass residues in combination with other renewable energy sources is in agreement with the targets of the EU’s Energy and Climate Goals and promotes rural development and a circular economy. For this purpose, local heating and domestic hot water preparation demands, as well as the available biomass potentials, were analysed and mapped by using a geographic information system (GIS). A model for analysing the optimal operation of the district heating boiler with a relatively high share of solar energy, which is backed up by either a short- or long-term heat storage, was developed. The model takes the supply and the return temperatures from the DH network into account and decides whether the excess of solar heat produced by the prosumers can be delivered into the network. This reduces heat overproduction and enables a smooth and uninterrupted operation of the system. Such configuration would benefit both the DH Company and the prosumers. The DH Company would have the opportunity to buy cheaper excess heat from the prosumers rather than to start its own and relatively slow biomass boiler. In this paper, several scenarios are proposed for the Romanian village Ghelinta. The target village is characterised by a small-scale biomass district heating boiler with thermal storage and prosumers with either solar thermal collectors or locally installed heat pumps. Integration of seasonal thermal storage and local prosumers can smooth out the biomass district heating boiler operation and bring additional socio-economic benefits for the bioenergy village communities. This could be the first step towards the establishment of a micro-scale thermal energy market. Analysis has proven that the proposed system configuration is socio-technically feasible, even for micro-scale systems, as apparent in the Romanian target village Ghelinta. The main objective of this research is to analyse the implementation of a small-scale biomass and renewable energy-based district heating system and to prove the concept of bioenergy villages from a technical and economical perspective. Furthermore, the role of residential household prosumers has been analysed. Based on outcomes, the transferability of the results is also discussed, while several suggestions for stakeholders who implement such projects were formulated for future research as well.

中文翻译：

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使用生物质燃料的区域供热系统建立微型供热市场

东南欧国家的本地生物质潜力较高。然而，在单独的房屋供暖或生活热水制备中，诸如木材剩菜，秸秆和能源作物等生物质残留物通常没有得到适当管理或不能有效地用于能源目的。在农村地区，生物质资源的利用主要是基于传统技术，效率低下或者是在没有当地能源供应管理的情况下使用单个基地来进行的，这在农村地区尤为重要。将生物质残渣与其他可再生能源结合使用，符合欧盟《能源与气候目标》的目标，并促进了农村发展和循环经济。为此，需要当地供暖和生活热水准备，以及可用的生物质潜力，使用地理信息系统（GIS）进行了分析和制图。建立了一个用于分析具有相对较高太阳能份额的区域供热锅炉的最佳运行的模型，该模型由短期或长期储热作为后盾。该模型考虑了DH网络的供应和返回温度，并确定是否可以将生产者产生的多余太阳热量传递到网络中。这减少了热量的过度产生，并使系统能够平稳，不间断地运行。这样的配置将使DH公司和生产者都受益。DH公司将有机会从生产者那里购买便宜的多余热量，而不是启动自己的相对慢的生物质锅炉。在本文中，针对罗马尼亚村庄Ghelinta提出了几种方案。目标村庄的特点是带有储热装置的小型生物质区域供热锅炉，以及带有太阳能集热器或本地安装的热泵的生产者。季节性储热和本地生产者的整合可以使生物质能集中供热锅炉的运行更加顺畅，并为生物能源村社区带来更多的社会经济效益。这可能是建立微型热能市场的第一步。分析已经证明，所建议的系统配置在社会技术上是可行的，即使对于微型系统，这在罗马尼亚的目标村庄Ghelinta中也很明显。这项研究的主要目的是分析以生物质和可再生能源为基础的小型区域供热系统的实施，并从技术和经济角度证明生物能源村庄的概念。此外，已经分析了居民家庭生产者的作用。基于结果，还讨论了结果的可传递性，同时还为实施此类项目的利益相关者提出了一些建议，以供将来研究之用。