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A comprehensive review of forward osmosis and niche applications
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00181c Lijo Francis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Oluwaseun Ogunbiyi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jayaprakash Saththasivam 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jenny Lawler 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Zhaoyang Liu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00181c Lijo Francis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Oluwaseun Ogunbiyi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jayaprakash Saththasivam 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jenny Lawler 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Zhaoyang Liu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation
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Despite intense research effort over the past 15 years, industrial and commercial application of forward osmosis (FO) technology has been slow to become established. Here, the recent improvements in FO technology are critically reviewed, with barriers to full-scale application highlighted. A brief introduction to the FO process is given, with subsequent critical focus on advances in membrane fabrication techniques to minimize fouling and enhance forward flux (e.g. incorporation of fillers, nanostructured surfaces), hybrid processes incorporating combined benefit from concentration–dilution (e.g. fertilizer-based solutions for agricultural irrigation, coupling of gas field produced water–desalination brine processing), and tailoring and improvements in draw solutions (e.g., thermo-responsive polymers, hydrogels, nanoparticles etc.) for targeted applications with minimized reverse solute flux and draw solution regeneration cost. The pilot and full scale industrial applications and areas where FO shows distinct promise over mature technologies are summarized, with emphasis on companies operating in this space as well as the application of life cycle cost analysis to compare and contrast technology application for full economic costing of FO at the commercial scale. The scope for innovation and current impediments to FO technology adoption are comprehensively addressed.
中文翻译：
对正向渗透和利基应用的全面综述
尽管在过去的15年中进行了大量的研究，但是正渗透（FO）技术在工业和商业应用中的建立速度仍然很慢。在此，对FO技术的最新改进进行了严格的审查，并着重指出了全面应用的障碍。简要介绍了FO工艺，随后重点关注了膜制造技术的进步，以最大程度地减少结垢并增加前向通量（例如，掺入填料，纳米结构表面），混合工艺（结合了浓缩-稀释（例如肥料-农业灌溉的基础解决方案，气田产出水与盐水脱盐工艺的耦合）以及抽水方案的定制和改进（例如，热响应性聚合物，水凝胶，纳米颗粒等）用于目标应用，并具有最小的反向溶质通量并吸引溶液再生成本。总结了先验和大规模工业应用以及FO对成熟技术有明显希望的领域，重点是在此领域运营的公司以及生命周期成本分析的应用，以比较和对比FO的全部经济成本的技术应用以商业规模。全面解决了创新的范围和当前阻碍FO技术采用的障碍。
更新日期：2020-07-31
中文翻译：
对正向渗透和利基应用的全面综述
尽管在过去的15年中进行了大量的研究，但是正渗透（FO）技术在工业和商业应用中的建立速度仍然很慢。在此，对FO技术的最新改进进行了严格的审查，并着重指出了全面应用的障碍。简要介绍了FO工艺，随后重点关注了膜制造技术的进步，以最大程度地减少结垢并增加前向通量（例如，掺入填料，纳米结构表面），混合工艺（结合了浓缩-稀释（例如肥料-农业灌溉的基础解决方案，气田产出水与盐水脱盐工艺的耦合）以及抽水方案的定制和改进（例如，热响应性聚合物，水凝胶，纳米颗粒等）用于目标应用，并具有最小的反向溶质通量并吸引溶液再生成本。总结了先验和大规模工业应用以及FO对成熟技术有明显希望的领域，重点是在此领域运营的公司以及生命周期成本分析的应用，以比较和对比FO的全部经济成本的技术应用以商业规模。全面解决了创新的范围和当前阻碍FO技术采用的障碍。
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