Nanoscale insight into the degradation mechanisms of the cartilage articulating surface preceding OA.,Biomaterials Science

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Nanoscale insight into the degradation mechanisms of the cartilage articulating surface preceding OA.
Biomaterials Science ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00496k
Tooba Shoaib ₁ , Catherine Yuh ₂ , Markus A Wimmer ₂ , Thomas M Schmid ₂ , Rosa M Espinosa-Marzal ₃

Affiliation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and a leading cause of disability globally. In OA, the articulating surface of cartilage is compromised by fissures and cracks, and sometimes even worn away completely. Due to its avascular nature, articular cartilage has a poor self-healing ability, and therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying degradation is key for OA prevention and for optimal design of replacements. In this work, the articulating surface of bovine cartilage was investigated in an environment with enhanced calcium concentration -as often found in cartilage in relation to OA- by combining atomic force microscopy, spectroscopy and an extended surface forces apparatus for the first time. The experimental results reveal that increased calcium concentration irreversibly weakens the cartilage's surface layer, and promotes stiction and high friction. The synergistic effect of calcium on altering the cartilage surface's structural, mechanical and frictional properties is proposed to compromise cartilage integrity at the onset of OA. Furthermore, two mechanisms at the molecular level based on the influence of calcium on lubricin and on the aggregation of the cartilage's matrix, respectively, are identified. The results of this work might not only help prevent OA but also help design better cartilage replacements.

中文翻译：

纳米级洞察OA之前软骨关节表面的降解机理。

骨关节炎（OA）是一种退化性关节疾病，并且是全球范围内致残的主要原因。在OA中，软骨的关节表面会受到裂痕和裂纹的损害，有时甚至会完全磨损掉。由于其无血管特性，关节软骨的自我修复能力很差，因此，了解退化的机制对于预防OA和优化替代设计至关重要。在这项工作中，首次结合原子力显微镜，光谱学和扩展的表面力设备，在钙浓度增加的环境中研究了牛软骨的关节表面，钙的浓度相对于OA经常在软骨中发现。实验结果表明，升高的钙浓度不可逆地削弱了软骨的表面层，并促进静摩擦和高摩擦。有人提出钙对改变软骨表面的结构，机械和摩擦特性的协同作用会损害OA开始时的软骨完整性。此外，分别在钙水平上对钙的影响和在软骨基质的聚集上，在分子水平上确定了两种机理。这项工作的结果不仅可以帮助预防OA，还可以帮助设计更好的软骨替代物。分别在钙水平上对钙的影响和在软骨基质的聚集方面在分子水平上确定了两种机理。这项工作的结果不仅可以帮助预防OA，还可以帮助设计更好的软骨替代物。在钙水平上，钙对润滑脂的影响和在软骨基质中的聚集，在分子水平上确定了两种机理。这项工作的结果不仅可以帮助预防OA，还可以帮助设计更好的软骨替代物。

更新日期：2020-07-14

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