Most species of wild felids are threatened, but for many little is known about their status in the wild. For the cryptic and elusive Vulnerable Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi, key metrics such as abundance and occupancy have been challenging to obtain. We conducted an intensive survey for this species on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. We deployed camera traps across four study areas that varied in elevation and threats, for a total of 28,404 trap nights, resulting in 114 independent clouded leopard photographs, in which we identified 18 individuals. Using a Bayesian spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis, we estimated clouded leopard density to be 0.8–2.4 individuals/100 km2. The highest predicted occurrence of people was at lower altitudes and closer to the forest edge, where we categorized more than two-thirds of people recorded by camera traps as bird poachers, 12.5% each as ungulate/tiger poachers and non-timber collectors, and < 2% as fishers. Our findings provide important insights into the status of this little known species in Sumatra. We recommend that the large volume of camera-trap data from other Sumatran landscapes be used for an island-wide assessment of the clouded leopard population, to provide up-to-date and reliable information for guiding future conservation planning.

中文翻译：

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苏门答腊潮湿常绿雨林中巽他云豹 Neofelis diardi 的密度和人类活动

大多数野生猫科动物物种都受到威胁，但对于许多人来说，它们在野外的状况知之甚少。对于神秘而难以捉摸的脆弱巽他云豹新飞虱，诸如丰度和入住率等关键指标一直难以获得。我们在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛上对该物种进行了深入调查。我们在海拔和威胁各不相同的四个研究区域部署了相机陷阱，共计 28,404 个陷阱之夜，产生了 114 张独立的云豹照片，其中我们确定了 18 个人。使用贝叶斯空间显式捕获-再捕获分析，我们估计云豹密度为 0.8-2.4 个体/100 km2. 预测最高的人出现在低海拔和靠近森林边缘的地方，我们将相机陷阱记录的三分之二以上的人归类为鸟类偷猎者，有蹄类动物/老虎偷猎者和非木材采集者各占 12.5%，以及< 2% 作为渔民。我们的研究结果为苏门答腊这个鲜为人知的物种的状况提供了重要的见解。我们建议将来自其他苏门答腊景观的大量相机陷阱数据用于全岛范围内的云豹种群评估，为指导未来的保护规划提供最新和可靠的信息。