There are concerns related to the application of phosphate fertilizers to weathered soils that present low soil test phosphorus (STP) due to P adsorption in iron oxyhydroxides. Furthermore, long‐term trials are needed to evaluate crop response to corrective P fertilization and its interaction with different maintenance P fertilization strategies in these soils. An experiment involving the combination of three initial corrective P fertilization schemes (control without P correction or with the application of 105 kg P ha⁻¹ as triple superphosphate [TSP] or reactive rock phosphate [RRP]), four P maintenance strategies (a control without the application of maintenance P, or 35 kg P ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ as TSP, RRP, or a mix of both) and two application methods was cultivated during 16 yr at the Embrapa Cerrados experimental station in Planaltina, DF, Brazil. Corrective P fertilization promoted an early crop yield response. In contrast, high crop yields were only obtained in control treatments with no corrective P fertilization after soil P stocks were increased to a minimum level. With increasing P stocks, broadcast application resulted in slightly better yields. The required residual P stocks in soil to obtain high yields were estimated as equivalent to 113.6 and 205.2 kg P ha⁻¹ for TSP and RRP, respectively. These values allow for STP contents to increase to critical levels, whose value for TSP of 4.1 mg kg⁻¹ Mehlich‐1 P is below that recommended for the region, possibly due to the contribution of organic P forms in the long‐term no‐tillage system.

中文翻译：

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巴西Oxisol的长期磷酸盐施肥策略评估

由于磷在氢氧化铁中的吸附，磷肥在风化土壤上的土壤测试磷（STP）较低，这引起了人们的关注。此外，还需要进行长期试验来评估作物对这些土壤中纠正性磷肥的反应及其与不同维持性磷肥策略之间的相互作用。涉及三种初始P校正施肥方案的试验（不进行P校正或以105 kg P ha ^-1作为三重过磷酸钙[TSP]或反应性磷矿石[RRP]的施用），四种P维持策略（一种对照不使用维护P或35 kg P ha ^-1  yr ^-1（例如TSP，RRP或两者的混合使用）和两种施用方法在16年内在巴西DF的Embrapa Cerrados实验站进行了栽培。纠正性施肥促进了作物的早期产量响应。相比之下，仅在土壤磷储量增加到最低水平后，在不进行纠正性磷肥的对照处理中，才能获得高产。随着P库存的增加，广播应用的收益略有提高。为了获得高产，土壤中所需的剩余磷储量估计分别相当于TSP和RRP的113.6和205.2 kg P ha ^-1。这些值使STP含量增加到临界水平，其TSP值为4.1 mg kg ^-1 Mehlich-1 P低于该地区推荐的水平，这可能是由于长期免耕系统中有机P形态的贡献。