Aggregate breakdown and transportation caused by raindrops clogs soil pores and aggravates the formation of surface crusts. However, changes in soil pore microcharacteristics after raindrop impact are equivocal. In this research, we used synchrotron‐based X‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT) and image processing techniques to quantitatively analyze the pore microcharacteristics of undisturbed soil and disturbed soil impacted by raindrop diameters of 2.67 mm (small), 3.39 mm (medium), and 4.05 mm (large). The results showed that the changes in the soil pore microcharacteristics were mainly caused by medium and large raindrops. Compared with the undisturbed soil, the total imaged porosity decreased by 5.91% after splashing by small raindrops and significantly (P < .05) decreased by 15.83 and 18.28% after medium and large raindrop splashing, respectively. The total volume of pores and the porosity of the large pores had the same decreasing trend as the total porosity. The porosity of the elongated pores decreased by 11.51 and 23.41% after medium and large raindrop splashing, respectively. The raindrop action clogged the soil pores. The clogging ratios caused by small, medium, and large raindrops were 1.06, 2.83, and 3.29%, respectively, and increased with raindrop diameter, rain intensity, and rainfall energy. Thus the increase in pore clogging and the decrease in macroporosity are the main reasons for the formation of surface crusts.

中文翻译：

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雨滴作用后土壤孔隙的微特征

雨滴引起的聚集体分解和运输阻塞了土壤孔隙，并加剧了地壳的形成。然而，雨滴撞击后土壤孔隙微特征的变化是模棱两可的。在这项研究中，我们使用基于同步加速器的X射线微计算机断层扫描（SR-μCT）和图像处理技术来定量分析未受干扰的土壤和受2.67毫米（小），3.39毫米（中等）的雨滴直径影响的扰动土壤的孔隙微特征。 ）和4.05毫米（大）。结果表明，土壤孔隙微特征的变化主要是由中型和大型雨滴引起的。与原状土壤相比，小雨滴飞溅后的总成像孔隙度下降了5.91％，且显着（P <.05）在中型和大型雨滴飞溅后分别下降了15.83和18.28％。孔的总体积和大孔的孔隙率具有与总孔隙率相同的下降趋势。在中型和大型雨滴飞溅后，细长孔的孔隙率分别下降了11.51％和23.41％。雨滴作用堵塞了土壤的孔隙。小雨滴，中雨滴和大雨滴造成的堵塞率分别为1.06％，2.83和3.29％，并且随雨滴直径，雨强度和降雨能量的增加而增加。因此，孔堵塞的增加和大孔隙度的降低是形成表面结壳的主要原因。