Resource scarcity is capable of affecting economic activity. Though the dependence of direct users is easily acknowledged, indirect vulnerability imposed on downstream sectors of the economic system is not as easily understood. In the context of growing water scarcity across India, this study maps the dependence of prominent sectors of the Indian economy to the water‐withdrawal model of India (Bogra, Bakshi, & Mathur, 2016). From the suppliers' perspective, the results indicate that embodied water of the largest direct water‐withdrawing food sectors namely, Paddy, Wheat, and Sugarcane (PWS) is indirectly consumed mostly by the consumptive food sectors. However, from the users' perspective, even non‐food sectors exhibit a significant dependence on the embodied water of PWS. Further, blue‐water‐based structural path analysis (SPA) of Paddy and Wheat indicate significant contributions to Land transport, Construction, and Beverages, among others, whereas Land transport is important in terms of green water too. The out‐degree measure indicates a higher dependence of the economy on Electricity (blue water) and Forestry (green water) sectors. Specifically, infrastructural sectors exhibit a significant dependence on Electricity; whereas Forestry products contribute to non‐food sectors. State‐wise water‐scarcity indices (WSIs) indicate higher dependence of Electricity on scarce surface‐water flows of north‐western and central states, whereas forested areas in the north and north‐eastern parts of India exhibit lowest ground WSIs. By integrating regional flows with sectoral dependencies, it is observed that the risk to a reduction of the economy's throughput is higher from water withdrawn by Electricity compared to food sectors, PWS.

中文翻译：

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经济部门对缺水的直接和间接脆弱性：印度经济的热点分析

资源稀缺能够影响经济活动。尽管人们容易认识到直接用户的依赖性，但对经济体系下游部门的间接脆弱性却不那么容易理解。在印度各地水资源日益匮乏的背景下，本研究将印度经济主要部门对印度取水模型的依赖关系图绘制出来（Bogra，Bakshi和Mathur，2016年）。从供应商的角度来看，结果表明，最大的直接取水食品领域为稻田，小麦和甘蔗（PWS））间接地主要由消费性食品部门消费。但是，从用户的角度来看，即使非食品行业也表现出对PWS所体现的水的极大依赖。此外，稻米和小麦的基于蓝水的结构路径分析（SPA）不仅对陆地运输，建筑和饮料等做出了重要贡献，而陆地运输在绿水方面也很重要。该出度度量表明经济在更高的依赖电力（蓝水）和林业（绿水）部门。具体而言，基础设施部门对电力的依赖性很大。而林业产品有助于非食品部门。各州的水资源稀缺指数（WSI）表明，电力对西北和中部各州稀缺的地表水流量的依赖性更高，而印度北部和东北部的森林地区地面WSI最低。通过与部门的依赖区域流动整合，观察到的风险，以降低经济的吞吐量是由回收水更高的电力相比食品领域，PWS。