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Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: Implications for restoration
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13697 Paulo H. S. A. Camargo 1, 2 , Marco A. Pizo 1 , Pedro H. S. Brancalion 3 , Tomás A. Carlo 2
中文翻译：
先锋树的果实性状在热带森林砍伐的景观中构成种子在远处的扩散：对恢复的影响
更新日期：2020-06-09
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13697 Paulo H. S. A. Camargo 1, 2 , Marco A. Pizo 1 , Pedro H. S. Brancalion 3 , Tomás A. Carlo 2
Affiliation
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- Pioneer trees with fleshy fruits are typically planted in restoration projects to attract frugivores as a mean to increase dispersal and accelerate forest regeneration. However, differences in fruit traits of pioneer trees can potentially influence dispersal and their restoration outcomes.
- Here we investigated the effects of bird and plant traits, and distance to forest fragments, on the seed rain using a tree‐planting experiment replicated in 12 deforested sites in Brazil. Factors were fruit traits of pioneer trees (wind‐dispersed, bird‐dispersed with lipids or with carbohydrates and controls) and distance (10, 50, 300 m) from forest fragments.
- We found that density and richness of birds and seeds decreased exponentially with distance from fragments, yet these effects were minor compared to the effects of fruit traits on the structure of the seed rain.
- Overall, plots with fleshy fruited pioneers attracted much greater bird activity and seed dispersal than plots with wind‐dispersal pioneers and the controls. For instance, plots with carbohydrate‐rich fruits received more than twice the average species richness and density of birds and seeds of plots with lipid‐rich pioneer trees, surpassing wind‐dispersed pioneers by more than 80%, and controls by over 90%. Furthermore, the fruit trait treatments resulted in morphological shifts in the average traits of visiting birds. Significant differences in bill gape and flight capacities (wing‐loading) were associated with the differences in the seed rain associated with each treatment.
- Synthesis and applications. Understanding how trait‐matching processes mediating mutualistic seed dispersal by frugivores interact with distance‐dependent dispersal limitation on deforested tropical landscapes is critical for improving forest restoration efforts. This is especially relevant in the context of applied nucleation. As shown here, avian seed dispersal can thus be manipulated in restoration projects in order to increase connectivity and speed up forest recovery and the provision of the multiple ecosystem services that follow forest succession.
中文翻译：
先锋树的果实性状在热带森林砍伐的景观中构成种子在远处的扩散：对恢复的影响
- 在恢复项目中通常会种植具有果肉的先锋树，以吸引节食动物，以增加传播和促进森林更新。但是，先锋树果实性状的差异可能会影响散布及其恢复结果。
- 在这里，我们通过在巴西的12个森林砍伐地点重复进行的植树试验，研究了鸟类和植物性状以及距森林碎片距离对种子雨的影响。影响因素包括先锋树的果实性状（风散，鸟类散布着脂类或碳水化合物和对照）以及与森林碎片的距离（10、50、300 m）。
- 我们发现，鸟类和种子的密度和丰富度随与碎片的距离呈指数下降，但与果实性状对种子雨结构的影响相比，这些影响较小。
- 总体而言，果肉丰硕的先驱者的地块比风散先驱者和控制者的地块吸引了更多的鸟类活动和种子传播。例如，富含碳水化合物的水果的田地的鸟类和种子的平均物种丰富度和密度高于富含脂质的先锋树的田地的鸟类和种子的两倍，超过风散的先锋树的比例超过了80％，控制量超过了90％。此外，果实性状处理导致来访鸟类的平均性状发生形态变化。票据缺口和飞行能力（机翼负重）的显着差异与每种处理带来的种子雨的差异有关。
- 综合与应用。了解如何通过节食植物介导种子相互扩散而进行的性状匹配过程与对森林砍伐的热带景观的距离依赖性扩散限制如何相互作用，对于改善森林恢复工作至关重要。这在应用成核的情况下尤其重要。如此处所示，可以在恢复项目中操纵禽类种子的扩散，以增加连通性并加快森林恢复，并在森林演替后提供多种生态系统服务。
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