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Variability in the estimation of ungulate group sizes complicates ecological inference.
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6463 Herbert Kasozi 1 , Robert A Montgomery 1
中文翻译：
有蹄类动物群体规模估计的可变性使生态推断变得复杂。
更新日期：2020-07-30
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6463 Herbert Kasozi 1 , Robert A Montgomery 1
Affiliation
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- Foundational work has examined adaptive social behavior in animals in relation to the costs and benefits of group living. Within this context, a “group” of animals represents an organizational unit that is integral to the study of animal ecology and evolution.
- Definitions of animal group sizes are often subjective with considerable variability within and across species. However, investigations of both the extent and implications of such variability in the estimation of animal group sizes are currently lacking.
- Selecting ungulates as a case study, we conducted a literature review to assess prevailing practices used to determine group sizes among terrestrial Cetartiodactyla and Perissodactyla. Via this process, we examined group size definitions for 61 species across 171 peer‐reviewed studies published between 1962 and 2018.
- These studies quantified group sizes via estimation of ungulate aggregations in space and time. Spatial estimates included a nearest neighbor distance ranging from 1.4 m to 1,000 m, and this variation was partially explained by a weak positive correlation (|r | = .4, p < .003) with the body size of the ungulate research subjects. The temporal extent over which group size was estimated was even broader, ranging from three minutes to 24 hr.
- The considerable variability in ungulate group size estimation that we observed complicates efforts to not only compare and replicate studies but also to evaluate underlying theories of group living. We recommend that researchers: (a) clearly describe the spatiotemporal extents over which they define ungulate group sizes, (b) highlight foundational empirical and ecological rationale for these extents, and (c) seek to align such extents among individual species so as to facilitate cross‐system comparisons of ungulate group size dynamics. We believe an integrative approach to ungulate group size estimation would readily facilitate replication, comparability, and evaluation of competing hypotheses examining the tradeoffs of animal sociality.
中文翻译：
有蹄类动物群体规模估计的可变性使生态推断变得复杂。
基础工作研究了动物的适应性社会行为与群体生活的成本和收益的关系。在此背景下，动物“群体”代表了动物生态学和进化研究中不可或缺的组织单位。
动物群体规模的定义通常是主观的，在物种内部和物种之间存在相当大的差异。然而，目前缺乏对动物群体规模估计中这种变异性的程度和影响的调查。
我们选择有蹄类动物作为案例研究，进行了文献综述，以评估用于确定陆生鲸蹄类和奇蹄类群体规模的流行做法。通过这个过程，我们检查了 1962 年至 2018 年间发表的 171 项同行评审研究中 61 个物种的群体规模定义。
这些研究通过估计有蹄类动物在空间和时间上的聚集来量化群体规模。空间估计包括范围从 1.4 m 到 1,000 m 的最近邻距离，这种变化部分可以通过与有蹄类动物研究对象的体型的弱正相关性 (| r | = .4, p < .003) 来解释。估计群体大小的时间范围更广，范围从 3 分钟到 24 小时。
我们观察到的有蹄类动物群体规模估计存在相当大的变异性，这不仅使比较和重复研究的工作变得复杂，而且还使评估群体生活的基本理论的工作变得复杂。我们建议研究人员：（a）清楚地描述他们定义有蹄类动物群体规模的时空范围，（b）强调这些范围的基本经验和生态原理，以及（c）寻求在各个物种之间调整这些范围，以促进有蹄类动物群体规模动态的跨系统比较。我们相信，有蹄类动物群体规模估计的综合方法将很容易促进研究动物社会性权衡的竞争假设的复制、可比性和评估。
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