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A novel approach for real time crash prediction at signalized intersections
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2020.102683
Lai Zheng , Tarek Sayed

This study proposes a novel approach to predict real time crash risk at signalized intersections at the signal cycle level. The approach uses traffic conflicts extracted from informative vehicle trajectories as an intermediate for crash prediction and develops generalized extreme value (GEV) models based on conflict extremes. Moreover, a Bayesian hierarchical structure is developed for the GEV model to combine conflict extremes of different intersections, and the aim is to further improve safety estimates through borrowing strength from different intersections and accounting for non-stationarity and unobserved heterogeneity in conflict extremes. The proposed approach was applied to four signalized intersections in City of Surrey, British Columbia. Traffic conflicts measured by modified time to collision and three cycle-level traffic parameters (traffic volume, shock wave area, and platoon ratio) were extracted from collected video data using computer vision techniques, and a best fitted model was then developed. Two safety indices, risk of crash (RC) and return level of a cycle (RLC), were derived from the GEV model to quantitatively measure the safety cycle-by-cycle. The results show that the non-negative RC can directly point out cycles with crash prone traffic conditions with RC > 0, and RLC is a more flexible safety index which can differentiate between safety levels even for “safe” cycles with RC = 0. The real time crash prediction results are validated at an aggregate level by comparing to observed crashes.



中文翻译:

信号交叉口实时碰撞预测的新方法

这项研究提出了一种新颖的方法来预测信号周期水平信号交叉口的实时碰撞风险。该方法使用从信息丰富的车辆轨迹中提取的交通冲突作为碰撞预测的中介,并基于冲突的极端情况开发通用的极端值(GEV)模型。此外,为GEV模型开发了贝叶斯层次结构,以结合不同交叉路口的极端冲突,其目的是通过借鉴不同交叉路口的强度并考虑冲突极端处的非平稳性和未观察到的异质性,从而进一步提高安全性估算。所提出的方法已应用于不列颠哥伦比亚省萨里市的四个信号交叉口。使用计算机视觉技术从收集的视频数据中提取通过修改的碰撞时间和三个周期级别的交通参数(交通量,冲击波面积和排比)来衡量的交通冲突,然后开发最佳拟合模型。从GEV模型中得出了两个安全指数,即碰撞风险(RC)和一个循环的返回水平(RLC),以定量地测量每个循环的安全性。结果表明,非负RC可以直接指出RC> 0时容易发生交通事故的周期,而RLC是更灵活的安全指数,即使对于RC = 0的“安全”周期也可以区分安全等级。通过与观察到的碰撞进行比较,可以在总体级别上验证实时碰撞预测结果。使用计算机视觉技术从收集到的视频数据中提取(排比例和排比例),然后开发最佳拟合模型。从GEV模型中得出了两个安全指数,即碰撞风险(RC)和一个循环的返回水平(RLC),以定量地测量每个循环的安全性。结果表明,非负RC可以直接指出RC> 0时容易发生交通事故的周期,而RLC是更灵活的安全性指标,即使对于RC = 0的“安全”周期也可以区分安全级别。通过与观察到的碰撞进行比较,可以在总体级别上验证实时碰撞预测结果。使用计算机视觉技术从收集到的视频数据中提取(排比例和排比例),然后开发最佳拟合模型。从GEV模型中得出了两个安全指数,即碰撞风险(RC)和一个循环的返回水平(RLC),以定量地测量每个循环的安全性。结果表明,非负RC可以直接指出RC> 0时容易发生交通事故的周期,而RLC是更灵活的安全指数,即使对于RC = 0的“安全”周期也可以区分安全等级。通过与观察到的碰撞进行比较,可以在总体级别上验证实时碰撞预测结果。从GEV模型得出来定量地逐周期测量安全性。结果表明,非负RC可以直接指出RC> 0时容易发生交通事故的周期,而RLC是更灵活的安全指数,即使对于RC = 0的“安全”周期也可以区分安全等级。通过与观察到的碰撞进行比较,可以在总体级别上验证实时碰撞预测结果。从GEV模型得出来定量地逐周期测量安全性。结果表明,非负RC可以直接指出RC> 0时容易发生交通事故的周期,而RLC是更灵活的安全指数,即使对于RC = 0的“安全”周期也可以区分安全等级。通过与观察到的碰撞进行比较,可以在总体级别上验证实时碰撞预测结果。

更新日期:2020-06-10
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