Surgical resection for primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms provides the best chance of cure. Advanced surgical techniques such as portal vein embolisation, two-staged hepatectomy and associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged-hepatectomy (ALPPS) have facilitated hepatic resection in patients with previously unresectable, bi-lobar disease. These techniques are frequently employed to ensure favourable clinical outcomes and avoid potentially fatal post-operative complications such as small for size syndrome and post-hepatectomy liver failure. However, they rely on the innate ability of the liver to regenerate. As our knowledge of liver organogenesis, liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis has expanded in recent decades it has come to light that liver regeneration may also drive tumour recurrence. Clinical studies in patients undergoing portal vein embolisation indicate that tumours may progress following the procedure in concordance with liver regeneration and hypertrophy, however overall survival in these patients has not been shown to be worse. In this article, we delve into the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration to better understand the complex ways in which this may affect tumour behaviour and ultimately inform clinical decisions.

原发性和继发性肝肿瘤的手术切除提供了最好的治愈机会。先进的外科技术，例如门静脉栓塞术、二期肝切除术和相关的肝分割和门静脉结扎术（ALPPS），促进了以前无法切除的双叶疾病患者的肝切除术。这些技术经常用于确保良好的临床结果并避免潜在的致命术后并发症，例如体积小综合征和肝切除术后肝功能衰竭。然而，它们依赖于肝脏的先天再生能力。近几十年来，随着我们对肝器官发生、肝再生和肝癌发生的了解不断扩大，人们发现肝再生也可能导致肿瘤复发。接受门静​​脉栓塞术的患者的临床研究表明，随着肝再生和肥大，肿瘤可能会在手术后进展，但这些患者的总体存活率并未显示更差。在本文中，我们深入研究了肝脏再生的潜在机制，以更好地了解这可能影响肿瘤行为并最终为临床决策提供信息的复杂方式。