Abstract Conductive polymers (CPs) are promising organic semiconductors for many essential applications because of their tunable physical/chemical properties, mechanical flexibility, low weight, reversible doping, good biocompatibility, and scalable production. However, CPs have not achieved their expected application potential in conventional processing methods. Electrospinning is a simple and highly versatile technique that can be used for mass fabrication of continuous ultrafine fibers from various polymers and composites. Electrospun fibers have many advantages, including uniformity, porosity, large surface areas, and mechanical strength, which present new application areas of CPs, and solve a number of problems related to the applicability of the polymers. However, as CPs are soluble and brittle, electrospinning requires a specific strategy. Different approaches, including direct electrospinning of CPs into fibers, co-electrospinning of blends of CPs and other spinnable carrier polymers, and synthesizing of electrospun fiber-template, have been developed to solve this problem. In this review, the recent achievements of fabricating CP-based ultrafine fibers using an electrospinning process are summarized, along with the characterization of their physical–chemical properties, such as electrical conductivity, wettability, and mechanical and thermal properties, which are further improved by modification. More emphasis is placed on the potential applications of electrospun CP ultrafine fibers in bio-/chemical sensors, artificial muscles, neural electrodes/interfaces, tissue regeneration, controlled drug release, flexible/stretchable electronic devices, energy storage, and electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Furthermore, the current challenges and future opportunities are also addressed.

中文翻译：

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通过静电纺丝制备导电聚合物超细纤维：制备、物理性能和应用

摘要 导电聚合物 (CPs) 因其可调节的物理/化学性质、机械柔韧性、重量轻、可逆掺杂、良好的生物相容性和可扩展的生产而成为许多重要应用的有前途的有机半导体。然而，CPs在传统加工方法中并没有达到其预期的应用潜力。静电纺丝是一种简单且用途广泛的技术，可用于从各种聚合物和复合材料大规模制造连续超细纤维。电纺纤维具有许多优点，包括均匀性、孔隙率、大表面积和机械强度，为CPs提供了新的应用领域，并解决了与聚合物适用性相关的许多问题。然而，由于 CP 易溶且易碎，因此静电纺丝需要特定的策略。已经开发了不同的方法来解决这个问题，包括将 CPs 直接电纺成纤维、CPs 与其他可纺载体聚合物的共混物共纺以及电纺纤维模板的合成。在这篇综述中，总结了使用静电纺丝工艺制造 CP 基超细纤维的最新成果，以及它们的物理化学性质的表征，如电导率、润湿性、机械和热性能，这些特性通过进一步改进修改。更多的重点放在电纺 CP 超细纤维在生物/化学传感器、人造肌肉、神经电极/界面、组织再生、药物控释、柔性/可拉伸电子设备、能量存储、和电磁干扰屏蔽材料。此外，还讨论了当前的挑战和未来的机遇。