Abstract This study aims to develop a three-dimensional icing simulation code named WISE (Wind turbine Icing Simulation code with performance Evaluation) integrated into OpenFOAM®. The freely available source code can contribute to icing simulations that require parallel computations. The rotational motion is explained by a Moving Reference Frame (MRF) in both aerodynamic and droplet fields. The thin water film theory is applied in the thermodynamic module. To verify WISE, ice accretion shapes on NREL Phase VI under rime and glaze icing conditions were considered. The ice accretion shapes obtained by WISE were compared against FENSAP-ICE and another numerical simulation without the MRF method for the droplet field. For the rime condition, the icing limits, maximum thickness, and its location are well predicted by WISE compared with FENSAP-ICE while the simulation without the MRF method overestimates the icing limits and maximum thickness. For the glaze condition, only WISE and FENSAP-ICE results are compared where the icing limits are slightly different. On the suction side, WISE accurately predicts the maximum thickness, ice growth direction, and icing limits. However, the thickness of ice on the pressure side is underestimated. It might be necessary to have a turbulence model that can predict the flow transition.

中文翻译：

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旋转风力发电机结冰仿真代码的开发

摘要 本研究旨在开发一种集成到 OpenFOAM® 中的名为 WISE（具有性能评估的风力涡轮机结冰仿真代码）的三维结冰仿真代码。免费提供的源代码有助于需要并行计算的结冰模拟。旋转运动由空气动力学和液滴场中的移动参考系 (MRF) 解释。薄水膜理论应用于热力学模块。为了验证 WISE，考虑了 NREL 阶段 VI 在霜和釉面结冰条件下的积冰形状。通过 WISE 获得的积冰形状与 FENSAP-ICE 和另一个没有 MRF 方法的液滴场数值模拟进行了比较。对于霜冻条件，结冰极限、最大厚度、与 FENSAP-ICE 相比，WISE 可以很好地预测其位置，而没有 MRF 方法的模拟高估了结冰限制和最大厚度。对于釉面条件，仅比较 WISE 和 FENSAP-ICE 结果，其中结冰限值略有不同。在吸力侧，WISE 准确预测最大厚度、冰生长方向和结冰限制。然而，压力侧冰的厚度被低估了。可能需要有一个可以预测流动转变的湍流模型。和结冰限制。然而，压力侧冰的厚度被低估了。可能需要有一个可以预测流动过渡的湍流模型。和结冰限制。然而，压力侧冰的厚度被低估了。可能需要有一个可以预测流动过渡的湍流模型。