The genetic contribution to psychiatric disorders is observed through the increased rates of disorders in the relatives of those diagnosed with disorders. These increased rates are observed to be nonspecific; for example, children of those with schizophrenia have increased rates of schizophrenia but also a broad range of other psychiatric diagnoses. While many factors contribute to risk, epidemiological evidence suggests that the genetic contribution carries the highest risk burden. The patterns of inheritance are consistent with a polygenic architecture of many contributing risk loci. The genetic studies of the past decade have provided empirical evidence identifying thousands of DNA variants associated with psychiatric disorders. Here, we describe how these latest results are consistent with observations from epidemiology. We provide an R tool (CHARRGe) to calculate genetic parameters from epidemiological parameters and vice versa. We discuss how the single nucleotide polymorphism-based estimates of heritability and genetic correlation relate to those estimated from family records.

中文翻译：

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精神疾病中亲属的风险、遗传力、基于 SNP 的遗传力和遗传相关性：综述

通过被诊断患有疾病的亲属的疾病发病率增加，可以观察到对精神疾病的遗传贡献。观察到这些增加的比率是非特异性的；例如，患有精神分裂症的孩子的精神分裂症发病率增加，但其他精神疾病的诊断范围也很广。虽然许多因素会导致风险，但流行病学证据表明遗传贡献承担着最高的风险负担。遗传模式与许多贡献风险基因座的多基因结构一致。过去十年的遗传学研究提供了经验证据，确定了数千种与精神疾病相关的 DNA 变异。在这里，我们描述了这些最新结果如何与流行病学观察结果一致。我们提供了一个 R 工具 (CHARRGe) 来根据流行病学参数计算遗传参数，反之亦然。我们讨论了基于单核苷酸多态性的遗传力和遗传相关性估计如何与家庭记录估计的相关。