Abstract Vegetable growers in Europe are continually under increasing pressure to optimize irrigation and nutrient management. This results from the widespread effects of climate change and of competition from other sectors for water, and increasing societal pressure to reduce nutrient contamination of water bodies. The widespread and growing adoption of drip irrigation and fertigation provides vegetable growers with the technical infrastructure for greatly improved irrigation and nutrient management. However, quantitative decisions to achieve optimal irrigation and nutrient management, and increasingly of the two together, require complex decision-making. Numerous factors regarding climate, soil characteristics, field infrastructure, and crop characteristics need to be considered. Decision Support Systems (DSSs) and simulation models are tools that process large and diverse amounts of information to provide irrigation and nutrient recommendations that are specific to individual crops and sites. Commonly, DSSs incorporate simulation models, which enables site and crop specific assessment, and the possibility for dynamic responses to fluctuations in climate etc. There is an on-going trend for web-based DSSs that can access on-line data bases such as of climate and soil data, and that users consult with smartphone Apps. This article firstly reviews several general aspects regarding the use of DSSs/models in commercial vegetable production, such as how to enhance their user-friendliness. Subsequently, it describes DSSs/models that have been developed or are being used to assist with irrigation or nutrient management, or both, of vegetable crops. The most relevant aspects of these DSSs/models are highlighted. In addition to DSSs/models for practical on-farm management, the use of DSSs/models for scenario analysis to demonstrate theoretical case studies to policy makers, growers and advisors is discussed. A focus throughout is on how to make these products attractive and effective to potential users. The geographical focus is on Europe; however, particularly relevant cases from elsewhere are also considered. With the current state of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and considering the inevitable future developments, DSSs can provide vegetable growers with effective and user-friendly tools to assist them to optimize irrigation and nutrient management.

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辅助蔬菜作物灌溉和养分管理的决策支持系统和模型

摘要 欧洲的蔬菜种植者不断面临着优化灌溉和养分管理的压力。这是由于气候变化和其他部门对水的竞争的广泛影响，以及减少水体营养物污染的社会压力越来越大。滴灌和施肥的广泛应用和日益增长的应用为蔬菜种植者提供了技术基础设施，以极大地改善灌溉和养分管理。然而，实现最佳灌溉和养分管理的定量决策，以及越来越多的两者结合，需要复杂的决策。需要考虑许多与气候、土壤特性、田间基础设施和作物特性有关的因素。决策支持系统 (DSS) 和模拟模型是处理大量不同信息以提供针对个别作物和地点的灌溉和养分建议的工具。通常，DSS 包含模拟模型，可实现特定地点和作物的评估，以及对气候波动的动态响应的可能性等。基于网络的 DSS 有一个持续的趋势，它可以访问在线数据库，例如气候和土壤数据，以及用户通过智能手机应用程序进行咨询。本文首先回顾了有关在商业蔬菜生产中使用 DSS/模型的几个一般方面，例如如何增强其用户友好性。随后，它描述了已开发或正在用于协助灌溉或养分管理，或两者兼而有之的 DSS/模型，蔬菜作物。突出显示了这些 DSS/模型最相关的方面。除了用于实际农场管理的 DSS/模型之外，还讨论了使用 DSS/模型进行情景分析以向政策制定者、种植者和顾问展示理论案例研究。贯穿始终的重点是如何使这些产品对潜在用户有吸引力和有效。地理重点是欧洲；但是，也考虑了来自其他地方的特别相关的案例。在信息和通信技术 (ICT) 的当前状态下，并考虑到未来不可避免的发展，DSS 可以为蔬菜种植者提供有效且用户友好的工具，帮助他们优化灌溉和养分管理。除了用于实际农场管理的 DSS/模型之外，还讨论了使用 DSS/模型进行情景分析以向政策制定者、种植者和顾问展示理论案例研究。贯穿始终的重点是如何使这些产品对潜在用户有吸引力和有效。地理重点是欧洲；但是，也考虑了来自其他地方的特别相关的案例。在信息和通信技术 (ICT) 的当前状态下，并考虑到未来不可避免的发展，DSS 可以为蔬菜种植者提供有效且用户友好的工具，帮助他们优化灌溉和养分管理。除了用于实际农场管理的 DSS/模型之外，还讨论了使用 DSS/模型进行情景分析以向政策制定者、种植者和顾问展示理论案例研究。贯穿始终的重点是如何使这些产品对潜在用户有吸引力和有效。地理重点是欧洲；但是，也考虑了来自其他地方的特别相关的案例。在信息和通信技术 (ICT) 的当前状态下，并考虑到未来不可避免的发展，DSS 可以为蔬菜种植者提供有效且用户友好的工具，帮助他们优化灌溉和养分管理。贯穿始终的重点是如何使这些产品对潜在用户有吸引力和有效。地理重点是欧洲；但是，也考虑了来自其他地方的特别相关的案例。在信息和通信技术 (ICT) 的当前状态下，并考虑到未来不可避免的发展，DSS 可以为蔬菜种植者提供有效且用户友好的工具，帮助他们优化灌溉和养分管理。贯穿始终的重点是如何使这些产品对潜在用户有吸引力和有效。地理重点是欧洲；但是，也考虑了来自其他地方的特别相关的案例。在信息和通信技术 (ICT) 的当前状态下，并考虑到未来不可避免的发展，DSS 可以为蔬菜种植者提供有效且用户友好的工具，帮助他们优化灌溉和养分管理。