It is unclear what non-pharmacological interventions to prevent cognitive decline should comprise. We systematically reviewed lifestyle and psychosocial interventions that aimed to reduce cognitive decline in healthy people aged 50+, and people of any age with Subjective Cognitive Decline or Mild Cognitive Impairment. We narratively synthesised evidence, prioritising results from studies rated as at lower Risk of Bias (ROB) and assigning Centre for Evidence Based Medicine grades. We included 64 papers, describing: psychosocial (n = 12), multi-domain (n = 10), exercise (n = 36), and dietary (n = 6) interventions. We found Grade A evidence that over 4+ months: aerobic exercise twice weekly had a moderate effect on global cognition in people with/ without MCI; and interventions that integrate cognitive and motor challenges (e.g. dance, dumb bell training) had small to moderate effects on memory or global cognition in people with MCI. We found Grade B evidence that 4+ months of creative art or story-telling groups in people with MCI; 6 months of resistance training in people with MCI and a two-year, dietary, exercise, cognitive training and social intervention in people with or without MCI had small, positive effects on global cognition. Effects for some intervention remained up to a year beyond facilitated sessions.

尚不清楚应采取哪些非药物干预措施来预防认知能力下降。我们系统地审查了旨在减少50岁以上健康人群以及任何年龄段具有主观认知下降或轻度认知障碍的人们的认知下降的生活方式和社会心理干预措施。我们叙述性地综合了证据，优先评估了被认为具有较低偏倚风险（ROB）的研究结果，并指定了循证医学中心等级。我们纳入了64篇论文，描述了：社会心理干预（n = 12），多领域干预（n = 10），运动（n = 36）和饮食干预（n = 6）。我们发现超过4个月以上的A级证据：有氧运动对有或无MCI的人的整体认知有中等程度的影响；以及整合了认知和运动挑战（例如舞蹈，哑铃训练）对MCI患者的记忆或整体认知影响不大。我们发现B级证据表明，在MCI中，有超过4个月的创意艺术或故事讲述小组；对患有MCI的人进行6个月的抵抗力训练，对有或没有MCI的人进行为期两年的饮食，运动，认知训练和社会干预，对总体认知产生小的积极影响。某些会议的干预效果超出了召开会议的一年。对全球认知的积极影响。某些会议的干预效果超出了召开会议的一年。对全球认知的积极影响。某些会议的干预效果超出了召开会议的一年。