Few data are available concerning human papillomavirus (HPV) in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Western population. Our study intended to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and the histological characteristics in such early tumors. A monocentric and retrospective study was conducted including 86 patients with early ESCC treated by endoscopic resection or esophagectomy, from 2012 to 2018. Histopathological prognostic criteria were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 and an HPV mRNA in situ hybridization were performed. The tumors were composed of 25 (29%) in situ carcinomas, 21 (24%) intramucosal carcinomas, and 40 (47%) submucosal carcinomas, of which 34 had a deep infiltration (> 200 μm). Emboli, present in 12 cases, were associated with deep infiltration. P16-positive ESCC accounted for 21% of the patients. It was not correlated with active HPV infection as no cases were found to be positive in RISH analysis for RNA detection of this virus. However, there was a correlation between p16 expression and alcohol or tobacco consumption. The only histopathological criterion correlated with p16 positivity was marked inflammatory infiltrate. Local or distant neoplastic recurrence occurred in 25% of patients. Overall survival was 95.8% and local or metastatic recurrence-free survival was 75%. There was a correlation between positive resection margins and tumor recurrence. In contrast to oropharynx carcinoma, our study showed that ESCC were not associated with an active HPV infection, highlighting the negligible role of this virus in early ESCC carcinogenesis in the Western world.

关于西方人群中早期食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的数据很少。我们的研究旨在确定此类早期肿瘤中HPV感染的患病率和组织学特征。从2012年至2018年，进行了单中心回顾性研究，纳入了86例经内镜切除或食管切除术治疗的早期ESCC患者。评估了组织病理学的预后标准。进行了p16和p53的免疫组织化学以及HPV mRNA原位杂交。肿瘤由25个（29％）原位癌，21个（24％）粘膜内癌和40个（47％）粘膜下癌组成，其中34个具有深层浸润（> 200μm）。存在于12例病例中的栓子与深层浸润相关。P16阳性ESCC占患者的21％。它与活动性HPV感染无关，因为在RISH分析中未发现阳性病例检测该病毒的RNA。但是，p16表达与烟酒摄入量之间存在相关性。与p16阳性相关的唯一组织病理学指标是炎性浸润。25％的患者发生了局部或远处的肿瘤复发。总体生存率为95.8％，局部或转移无复发生存率为75％。阳性切缘与肿瘤复发之间存在相关性。与口咽癌相反，我们的研究表明ESCC与活动性HPV感染无关，这突显了该病毒在西方世界早期ESCC致癌中的作用微不足道。它与活动性HPV感染无关，因为在RISH分析中未发现阳性病例检测该病毒的RNA。但是，p16表达与烟酒摄入量之间存在相关性。与p16阳性相关的唯一组织病理学指标是炎性浸润。25％的患者发生了局部或远处的肿瘤复发。总体生存率为95.8％，局部或转移无复发生存率为75％。阳性切缘与肿瘤复发之间存在相关性。与口咽癌相反，我们的研究表明ESCC与活动性HPV感染无关，这突显了该病毒在西方世界早期ESCC致癌中的作用微不足道。它与活动性HPV感染无关，因为在RISH分析中未发现阳性病例检测该病毒的RNA。但是，p16表达与烟酒摄入量之间存在相关性。与p16阳性相关的唯一组织病理学指标是炎性浸润。25％的患者发生了局部或远处的肿瘤复发。总体生存率为95.8％，局部或转移无复发生存率为75％。阳性切缘与肿瘤复发之间存在相关性。与口咽癌相反，我们的研究表明ESCC与活动性HPV感染无关，这突显了该病毒在西方世界早期ESCC致癌中的作用微不足道。