Integration of the information from hydrochemical data, statistical analysis and modeling technique is crucial for extending our knowledge of hydrochemistry of karst aquifers. In this paper, conventional graphical methods, statistical analysis and PHREEQC inverse modeling were used to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolution processes of karst groundwater in Jinci spring area. The results showed that the dominant hydrochemical types of karst groundwater determined by Piper diagram were Ca·Mg–SO 4 ·HCO 3 , Ca·Mg–SO 4 , Ca–SO 4 , Ca–SO 4 ·HCO 3 and Ca–HCO 3 , and the main components of karst groundwater were dominated by rock–water interactions based on statistical analysis. Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and HCO 3 − originated mainly from the dissolution of calcite and dolomite; SO 4 2− came mostly from gypsum dissolution and pyrite oxidation; and the source of Na + and Cl − could either be major from halite dissolution or cation exchange. Moreover, PHREEQC inverse modeling indicated that calcite, gypsum and CO 2 (g) were dissolved, and Ca–Mg exchange prevailed along the flow path (from recharge area to runoff area); the dissolution of gypsum, dolomite and CO 2 (g), and halite precipitation, and Na–Mg and Ca–Mg exchange occurred along runoff area to discharge area; and there were the dissolution of carbonate, gypsum, halite and CO 2 (g), Na–Mg and Ca–Mg exchange from deep buried area to discharge area.

中文翻译：

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晋祠泉区岩溶地下水水文地球化学特征

整合来自水化学数据、统计分析和建模技术的信息对于扩展我们对岩溶含水层水化学的了解至关重要。本文采用常规图解方法、统计分析和PHREEQC反演建模方法，对晋祠泉区岩溶地下水的水文地球化学特征及演化过程进行了研究。结果表明，由Piper图确定的岩溶地下水的主要水化学类型为Ca·Mg-SO 4 ·HCO 3 、Ca·Mg-SO 4 、Ca-SO 4 、Ca-SO 4 ·HCO 3 和Ca-HCO 3 , 岩溶地下水的主要成分以基于统计分析的岩水相互作用为主。Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 和HCO 3 - 主要来源于方解石和白云石的溶解；SO 4 2− 主要来源于石膏溶解和黄铁矿氧化；Na + 和 Cl - 的来源可能主要来自岩盐溶解或阳离子交换。此外，PHREEQC 反演模型表明方解石、石膏和 CO 2 (g) 被溶解，并且沿流动路径（从补给区到径流区）发生 Ca-Mg 交换；石膏、白云石和CO 2 (g)溶解，岩盐沉淀，沿径流区向排泄区发生Na-Mg和Ca-Mg交换；深埋区向放电区有碳酸盐、石膏、岩盐和CO 2 (g)的溶解、Na-Mg和Ca-Mg的交换。石膏、白云石和CO 2 (g)溶解，岩盐沉淀，沿径流区向排泄区发生Na-Mg和Ca-Mg交换；深埋区向排放区有碳酸盐、石膏、岩盐和CO 2 (g)的溶解、Na-Mg和Ca-Mg的交换。石膏、白云石和CO 2 (g)溶解，岩盐沉淀，沿径流区向排泄区发生Na-Mg和Ca-Mg交换；深埋区向排放区有碳酸盐、石膏、岩盐和CO 2 (g)的溶解、Na-Mg和Ca-Mg的交换。