Abstract Soybean production in Brazil has been markedly affected by invasions of non-native arthropod species that feed on the crop, severely impacting biodiversity, food security, health, and economic development. Data on soybean production losses and increase in insecticide usage over the last two decades have not been explored in association with past invasion events, and the dynamics underlying the recent blitz of invasive species into Brazil remain largely unclear. We provide a review of arthropod invasions in the Brazilian soybean agroecosystem since 1990, indicating that the introductions of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae),Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari:Tetranychidae), and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are likely correlated with periods of increase in insecticide usage for soybean production. Using these three cases as examples, we review factors that could lead to increased likelihood of future invasions by particular pests, outlining four possible criteria to evaluate potential invasiveness of non-native arthropods: likelihood of entry, likelihood of establishment, biological features of the species, and availability of control measures. Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Aphis glycines (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhynca) are examples of highly damaging soybean pests, related to one or more of these factors, that could be introduced into Brazil over the next years and which could lead to problematic scenarios. Melanagromyza sojae (Zehnter) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) also meets these criteria and has successfully invaded and colonized Brazilian soybean fields in recent years. Our review identifies current issues within soybean pest management in Brazil and highlights the need to adopt management measures to offset future costs and minimize lost revenue.

中文翻译：

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节肢动物入侵与巴西大豆生产：回顾


摘要 巴西的大豆生产受到以该作物为食的非本地节肢动物物种入侵的严重影响，严重影响了生物多样性、粮食安全、健康和经济发展。过去二十年有关大豆产量损失和杀虫剂使用量增加的数据尚未与过去的入侵事件联系起来进行探讨，而且最近入侵物种席卷巴西的动态在很大程度上仍不清楚。我们对 1990 年以来巴西大豆农业生态系统中的节肢动物入侵进行了回顾，表明烟粉虱 (Gennadius) MEAM1（半翅目：粉虱科）、二斑叶螨 (Koch)（螨虫：叶螨科）和棉铃虫 (Hübner) 的引入（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）可能与大豆生产中杀虫剂使用量增加的时期相关。以这三个案例为例，我们回顾了可能导致特定害虫未来入侵可能性增加的因素，概述了评估非本地节肢动物潜在入侵性的四个可能标准：进入的可能性、定居的可能性、物种的生物学特征，以及控制措施的可用性。斜纹夜蛾（F.）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）和大豆蚜（松村）（半翅目：胸喉科）是具有高度破坏性的大豆害虫的例子，与这些因素中的一种或多种有关，可能在未来几年引入巴西，并且这可能会导致出现问题的情况。 Melanagromyza sojae (Zehnt)（双翅目：Agromyzidae）也符合这些标准，并且近年来已成功入侵和定植巴西大豆田。 我们的审查确定了巴西大豆病虫害管理中当前的问题，并强调需要采取管理措施来抵消未来成本并最大限度地减少收入损失。