Evidence indicates that early weaning predisposes piglets to intestinal oxidative stress and increases the risk of intestinal dysfunction; however, there are minimal satisfactory treatment strategies for these conditions. This study investigated the potential of resveratrol and its analog, pterostilbene, as antioxidant protectants for regulating intestinal morphology, barrier function, and redox status among weanling piglets. A total of 144 piglets were selected at 21 days of age and randomly allocated into one of four treatment groups, each of which included six replicates. Piglets in a sow-reared control group were suckling normally between ages 21 and 28 days, while those in weaned groups were fed a basal diet, supplemented with either 300 mg/kg of resveratrol or with 300 mg/kg of pterostilbene. Parameters associated with intestinal injury and redox status were analyzed at the end of the feeding trial. Early weaning disrupted the intestinal function of young piglets, with evidence of increased diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate content in the plasma, shorter villi, an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, an impaired antioxidant defense system, and severe oxidative damage in the jejunum relative to suckling piglets. Feeding piglets with a resveratrol-supplemented diet partially increased villus height (P = 0.056) and tended to diminish apoptotic cell numbers (P = 0.084) in the jejunum compared with those fed a basal diet. Similarly, these beneficial effects were observed in the pterostilbene-fed piglets. Pterostilbene improved the feed efficiency of weanling piglets between the ages of 21 and 28 days; it also resulted in diminished plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate content relative to untreated weaned piglets (P < 0.05). Notably, pterostilbene restored jejunal antioxidant capacity, an effect that was nearly absent in the resveratrol-fed piglets. Pterostilbene reduced the malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine contents of jejunal mucosa possibly through its regulatory role in facilitating the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and the expression levels of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and superoxide dismutase 2 (P < 0.05). The results indicate that pterostilbene may be more effective than its parent compound in alleviating early weaning-induced intestinal damage and redox imbalance among young piglets.

中文翻译：

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白藜芦醇和紫檀芪对断奶仔猪肠道损伤和氧化还原失衡的保护作用比较。

有证据表明，过早断奶会使仔猪容易遭受肠道氧化应激，并增加肠道功能障碍的风险；然而，对于这些病症，目前尚无令人满意的治疗策略。本研究探讨了白藜芦醇及其类似物紫檀芪作为抗氧化保护剂调节断奶仔猪肠道形态、屏障功能和氧化还原状态的潜力。总共选择了 144 头 21 日龄仔猪，并随机分配到四个处理组之一，每个处理组包含 6 个重复。母猪饲养的对照组仔猪在 21 至 28 天之间正常哺乳，而断奶组的仔猪则饲喂基础日粮，并补充 300 毫克/千克的白藜芦醇或 300 毫克/千克的紫檀芪。在喂养试验结束时分析与肠道损伤和氧化还原状态相关的参数。早期断奶破坏了仔猪的肠道功能，有证据表明血浆中二胺氧化酶活性和D-乳酸含量增加，绒毛变短，细胞增殖和凋亡之间不平衡，抗氧化防御系统受损，空肠严重氧化损伤相对于哺乳仔猪。与饲喂基础日粮的仔猪相比，饲喂添加白藜芦醇的日粮可部分增加仔猪的绒毛高度（P = 0.056），并倾向于减少空肠中的凋亡细胞数量（P = 0.084）。同样，在紫檀芪喂养的仔猪中也观察到了这些有益效果。紫檀芪提高了21至28日龄断奶仔猪的饲料效率；与未经处理的断奶仔猪相比，它还导致血浆二胺氧化酶活性和 D-乳酸含量降低（P < 0.05）。值得注意的是，紫檀芪恢复了空肠抗氧化能力，而这种效果在白藜芦醇喂养的仔猪中几乎不存在。紫檀芪可能通过促进核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2 的核转位和 NAD(P)H 醌脱氢酶 1 的表达水平的调节作用，降低空肠粘膜的丙二醛和 8-羟基-2´-脱氧鸟苷含量和超氧化物歧化酶 2（P < 0.05）。结果表明，紫檀芪在减轻仔猪早期断奶引起的肠道损伤和氧化还原失衡方面可能比其母体化合物更有效。