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Toward Antibiotic Stewardship: Route of Antibiotic Administration Impacts the Microbiota and Resistance Gene Diversity in Swine Feces.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00255
Nicole Ricker 1, 2 , Julian Trachsel 1 , Phillip Colgan 2 , Jennifer Jones 1 , Jinlyung Choi 2 , Jaejin Lee 2 , Johann F Coetzee 3 , Adina Howe 2 , Susan L Brockmeier 4 , Crystal L Loving 1 , Heather K Allen 1
Affiliation  

Oral antibiotics are a critical tool for fighting bacterial infections, yet their use can have negative consequences, such as the disturbance of healthy gut bacterial communities and the dissemination of antibiotic residues in feces. Altering antibiotic administration route may limit negative impacts on intestinal microbiota and reduce selective pressure for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) persistence and mobility. Thus, a study was performed in pigs to evaluate route of therapeutic oxytetracycline (oxytet) administration, an antibiotic commonly used in the U.S. swine industry, on intestinal microbial diversity and ARG abundance. Given that oral antibiotics would be in direct contact with intestinal bacteria, we hypothesized that oral administration would cause a major shift in intestinal bacterial community structure when compared to injected antibiotic. We further postulated that the impact would extend to the diversity and abundance of ARG in swine feces. At approximately 3 weeks-of-age, piglets were separated into three groups (n = 21-22 per group) with two groups receiving oxytet (one via injection and the second via feed) and a third non-medicated group. Oxytet levels in the plasma indicated injected antibiotic resulted in a spike 1 day after administration, which decreased over time, though oxytet was still detected in plasma 14 days after injection. Conversely, in-feed oxytet delivery resulted in lower but less variable oxytet levels in circulation and high concentrations in feces. Similar trends were observed in microbial community changes regardless of route of oxytet administration; however, the impact on the microbial community was more pronounced at all time points and in all samples with in-feed administration. Fecal ARG abundance was increased with in-feed administration over injected, with genes for tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance enriched specifically in the feces of the in-feed group. Sequencing of plasmid-enriched samples revealed multiple genetic contexts for the resistance genes detected and highlighted the potential role of small plasmids in the movement of antibiotic resistance genes. The findings are informative for disease management in food animals, but also manure management and antibiotic therapy in human medicine for improved antibiotic stewardship.

中文翻译:

走向抗生素管理:抗生素给药途径会影响猪粪中的微生物群和耐药基因多样性。

口服抗生素是抵抗细菌感染的关键工具,但使用抗生素可能会产生负面影响,例如破坏健康的肠道细菌群落和在粪便中传播抗生素残留。改变抗生素的给药途径可能会限制对肠道菌群的负面影响,并降低对抗菌素耐药基因(ARG)持久性和移动性的选择性压力。因此,在猪中进行了一项研究,以评估肠胃微生物多样性和ARG丰度的治疗性土霉素(土霉素)施用途径(土霉素是美国养猪业常用的一种抗生素)。鉴于口服抗生素会与肠道细菌直接接触,我们假设与注射抗生素相比,口服给药会引起肠道细菌群落结构的重大变化。我们进一步假设其影响将扩大到猪粪中ARG的多样性和丰富性。在大约3周龄时,将仔猪分为三组(每组n = 21-22),两组接受oxytet(一组通过注射,第二组通过饲料)和第三组非药物治疗组。血浆中的Oxytet水平表明,注射的抗生素导致给药后1天出现峰值,但随着时间的推移而下降,尽管在注射后14天血浆中仍检测到Oxtetet。相反,饲料中的oxytet递送导致循环中较低但较不易变化的oxytet水平和粪便中高浓度。无论采用氧化酶的途径如何,在微生物群落变化中都观察到了类似的趋势。但是,在所有时间点和所有饲喂饲料样品中,对微生物群落的影响都更加明显。饲料中的粪便ARG丰度比注射剂高,而四环素和氨基糖苷抗性基因在饲料中的粪便中特别丰富。富质粒样品的测序揭示了检测到的抗性基因的多种遗传背景,并突出了小质粒在抗生素抗性基因运动中的潜在作用。这些发现不仅对食用动物的疾病管理有益,而且对人类医学中的粪便管理和抗生素治疗也有帮助,可以改善抗生素管理。但是,在所有时间点和所有饲喂饲料样品中,对微生物群落的影响都更加明显。饲料中的粪便ARG丰度比注射剂高,而四环素和氨基糖苷抗性基因在饲料中的粪便中特别丰富。富质粒样品的测序揭示了检测到的抗性基因的多种遗传背景,并突出了小质粒在抗生素抗性基因运动中的潜在作用。这些发现不仅对食用动物的疾病管理有益,而且对人类医学中的粪便管理和抗生素治疗也有帮助,可以改善抗生素管理。但是,在所有时间点和所有饲喂饲料样品中,对微生物群落的影响都更加明显。饲料中的粪便ARG丰度比注射剂高,而四环素和氨基糖苷抗性基因在饲料中的粪便中特别丰富。富质粒样品的测序揭示了检测到的抗性基因的多种遗传背景,并突出了小质粒在抗生素抗性基因运动中的潜在作用。这些发现不仅对食用动物的疾病管理有益,而且对人类医学中的粪便管理和抗生素治疗也有帮助,可以改善抗生素管理。饲料中的粪便ARG丰度比注射剂高,而四环素和氨基糖苷抗性基因在饲料中的粪便中特别丰富。富含质粒的样品的测序揭示了检测到的抗性基因的多个遗传背景,并突出了小质粒在抗生素抗性基因运动中的潜在作用。这些发现不仅对食用动物的疾病管理有益,而且对人类医学中的粪便管理和抗生素治疗也有帮助,可以改善抗生素管理。随着进食量的增加,粪便中的ARG丰度增加,四环素和氨基糖苷抗性基因在进食组的粪便中特别丰富。富含质粒的样品的测序揭示了检测到的抗性基因的多个遗传背景,并突出了小质粒在抗生素抗性基因运动中的潜在作用。这些发现不仅对食用动物的疾病管理有益,而且对人类医学中的粪便管理和抗生素治疗也有帮助,可以改善抗生素管理。富含质粒的样品的测序揭示了检测到的抗性基因的多个遗传背景,并突出了小质粒在抗生素抗性基因运动中的潜在作用。这些发现不仅对食用动物的疾病管理有益,而且对人类医学中的粪便管理和抗生素治疗也有帮助,可以改善抗生素管理。富含质粒的样品的测序揭示了检测到的抗性基因的多个遗传背景,并突出了小质粒在抗生素抗性基因运动中的潜在作用。这些发现不仅有助于食用动物的疾病管理,还有助于人类医学中的粪便管理和抗生素治疗,以改善抗生素管理水平。
更新日期:2020-05-19
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