Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare acquired autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Autoantibodies, cellular immunity, complement, and cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of MG. It is characterized by the dysfunction of neuromuscular junction transmission and skeletal muscle weakness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small molecule ribonucleic acids that regulate various biological processes (e.g., development, differentiation, and immunity) at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of gene expression. miRNAs play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including MG. In recent studies, the functional mechanisms underlying the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MG have received increasing attention. miRNAs are highly stable and have high specificity in peripheral body fluids. Therefore, the miRNAs in body fluids may represent promising biomarkers for determining the prognosis of MG and the efficacy of treatment. This article reviews the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MG, highlights the potential of miRNAs as new biomarkers for the diagnosis of MG, and deepens our understanding of disease processes.

中文翻译：

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微RNA失调在重症肌无力中的新作用

重症肌无力（MG）是一种罕见的获得性自身免疫性神经肌肉疾病。自身抗体、细胞免疫、补体和细胞因子参与了MG的发病机制。它的特点是神经肌肉接头传递功能障碍和骨骼肌无力。MicroRNA (miRNA) 是非编码小分子核糖核酸，可在基因表达的转录和转录后水平调节各种生物过程（例如，发育、分化和免疫）。miRNA 在自身免疫性疾病（包括 MG）的发病机制中起着重要的调节作用。在最近的研究中，miRNA 在 MG 发病机制中的作用机制越来越受到关注。miRNA 高度稳定，在外周体液中具有高度特异性。所以，体液中的 miRNA 可能是确定 MG 预后和治疗效果的有希望的生物标志物。本文综述了miRNA在MG发病机制中的作用，强调了miRNA作为MG诊断新生物标志物的潜力，并加深了我们对疾病过程的理解。