Autophagy has a crucial role in many cancers, including brain tumors. Several types of endogenous molecules (e.g. microRNAs, AKT, PTEN, p53, EGFR, and NF1) can modulate the process of autophagy. Recently miRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) have been found to play a vital role in the regulation of different cellular and molecular processes, such as autophagy. Deregulation of these molecules is associated with the development and progression of different pathological conditions, including brain tumors. It was found that miRNAs are epigenetic regulators, which influence the level of proteins coded by the targeted mRNAs with any modification of the genetic sequences. It has been revealed that various miRNAs (e.g., miR-7-1-3p, miR-340, miR-17, miR-30a, miR-224-3p, and miR-93), as epigenetic regulators, can modulate autophagy pathways within brain tumors. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular targets of miRNAs, and their function in autophagy pathways could contribute to the development of new treatment methods for patients with brain tumors. In this review, we summarize the various miRNAs, which are involved in regulating autophagy in brain tumors. Moreover, we highlight the role of miRNAs in autophagy-related pathways in different cancers.

中文翻译：

---

包括脑肿瘤在内的癌症中的自噬：MicroRNA 的作用。

自噬在包括脑肿瘤在内的许多癌症中起着至关重要的作用。几种类型的内源性分子（例如 microRNA、AKT、PTEN、p53、EGFR 和 NF1）可以调节自噬过程。最近发现 miRNA（非编码小 RNA）在不同细胞和分子过程（如自噬）的调节中起着至关重要的作用。这些分子的失调与不同病理状况的发展和进展有关，包括脑肿瘤。研究发现，miRNA 是表观遗传调节因子，它会影响由目标 mRNA 编码的蛋白质水平，并对基因序列进行任何修改。已经发现，作为表观遗传调节剂的各种 miRNA（例如，miR-7-1-3p、miR-340、miR-17、miR-30a、miR-224-3p 和 miR-93）可以调节自噬途径脑肿瘤内。更深入地了解 miRNA 的潜在分子靶标及其在自噬途径中的功能，可能有助于为脑肿瘤患者开发新的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了参与调节脑肿瘤自噬的各种 miRNA。此外，我们强调了 miRNA 在不同癌症中自噬相关通路中的作用。