Catholicism and Protestantism have different ways of promoting the family unit that could influence survival and fertility at a population level. Parish records in the Austrian village of Hallstatt allowed the reconstruction of Catholic and Protestant genealogies over a period of 175 years (1733–1908) to evaluate how religion and social changes affected reproduction and survival. Life history traits such as lifespan beyond 15 years, number of offspring, reproductive span, children born out of wedlock and child mortality were estimated in 5678 Catholic and 3282 Protestant individuals. The interaction of sex, time and religion was checked through non-parametric factorial ANOVAs. Religion and time showed statistically significant interactions with lifespan >15 years, number of offspring and age at birth of first child. Protestants lived longer, had a larger reproductive span and an earlier age at birth of first child. Before the famine crisis of 1845–1850, Protestants showed lower values of childhood mortality than Catholics. Comparison of the number of children born out of wedlock revealed small differences between the two religions. Religion influenced reproduction and survival, as significant differences were found between Catholics and Protestants. This influence could be explained in part by differential socioeconomic characteristics, since Protestants may have enjoyed better living and sanitary conditions in Hallstatt.

中文翻译：

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宗教和生育模式：天主教徒和新教徒生活史特征的比较，哈尔施塔特（奥地利）1733-1908

天主教和新教有不同的促进家庭单位的方式，这可能会影响人口水平的生存和生育。奥地利哈尔施塔特村的教区记录允许重建 175 年（1733-1908 年）期间的天主教和新教家谱，以评估宗教和社会变化如何影响繁殖和生存。在 5678 名天主教徒和 3282 名新教徒中估计了生命史特征，例如超过 15 年的寿命、后代数量、生育期、非婚生子女和儿童死亡率。通过非参数因子方差分析检查性别、时间和宗教的相互作用。宗教和时间与寿命 > 15 岁、后代数量和第一个孩子的出生年龄显示出统计学上显着的交互作用。新教徒寿命更长，生育跨度更大，第一个孩子出生的年龄也更早。在 1845-1850 年的饥荒危机之前，新教徒的儿童死亡率低于天主教徒。比较非婚生子女的数量，可以发现两种宗教之间的细微差别。宗教影响了繁殖和生存，因为发现天主教徒和新教徒之间存在显着差异。这种影响可以部分解释为不同的社会经济特征，因为新教徒可能在哈尔施塔特享有更好的生活和卫生条件。比较非婚生子女的数量，可以发现两种宗教之间的细微差别。宗教影响了繁殖和生存，因为发现天主教徒和新教徒之间存在显着差异。这种影响可以部分解释为不同的社会经济特征，因为新教徒可能在哈尔施塔特享有更好的生活和卫生条件。比较非婚生子女的数量，可以发现两种宗教之间的细微差别。宗教影响了繁殖和生存，因为发现天主教徒和新教徒之间存在显着差异。这种影响可以部分解释为不同的社会经济特征，因为新教徒可能在哈尔施塔特享有更好的生活和卫生条件。