This paper provides an up-to-date review of the problems related to the generation, detection and mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses created in the interaction of high-power, high-energy laser pulses with different types of solid targets. It includes new experimental data obtained independently at several international laboratories. The mechanisms of electromagnetic field generation are analyzed and considered as a function of the intensity and the spectral range of emissions they produce. The major emphasis is put on the GHz frequency domain, which is the most damaging for electronics and may have important applications. The physics of electromagnetic emissions in other spectral domains, in particular THz and MHz, is also discussed. The theoretical models and numerical simulations are compared with the results of experimental measurements, with special attention to the methodology of measurements and complementary diagnostics. Understanding the underlying physical processes is the basis for developing techniques to mitigate the electromagnetic threat and to harness electromagnetic emissions, which may have promising applications.

中文翻译：

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激光产生的电磁脉冲：产生、检测和缓解

本文对高功率、高能激光脉冲与不同类型固体目标相互作用产生的强电磁脉冲的产生、检测和缓解相关问题进行了最新回顾。它包括在几个国际实验室独立获得的新实验数据。分析了电磁场产生的机制，并将其视为它们产生的发射的强度和光谱范围的函数。主要重点放在 GHz 频域上，它对电子产品最具破坏性，可能有重要应用。还讨论了其他频谱域中的电磁辐射物理，特别是 THz 和 MHz。将理论模型和数值模拟与实验测量结果进行比较，特别注意测量方法和补充诊断。了解潜在的物理过程是开发减轻电磁威胁和利用电磁辐射的技术的基础，这些技术可能具有广阔的应用前景。