The natural history of allergic diseases suggests bidirectional and progressive relationships between allergic disorders of the skin, lung, and gut indicative of mucosal organ crosstalk. However, impacts of local allergic inflammation on the cellular landscape of remote mucosal organs along the skin:lung:gut axis are not yet known. Eosinophils are tissue-dwelling innate immune leukocytes associated with allergic diseases. Emerging data suggest heterogeneous phenotypes of tissue-dwelling eosinophils contribute to multifaceted roles that favor homeostasis or disease. This study investigated the impact of acute local allergen exposure on the frequency and phenotype of tissue eosinophils within remote mucosal organs. Our findings demonstrate allergen challenge to skin, lung, or gut elicited not only local eosinophilic inflammation, but also increased the number and frequency of eosinophils within remote, allergen nonexposed lung, and intestine. Remote allergen-elicited lung eosinophils exhibited an inflammatory phenotype and their presence associated with enhanced susceptibility to airway inflammation induced upon subsequent inhalation of a different allergen. These data demonstrate, for the first time, a direct effect of acute allergic inflammation on the phenotype and frequency of tissue eosinophils within antigen nonexposed remote mucosal tissues associated with remote organ priming for allergic inflammation.

过敏性疾病的自然史表明，皮肤、肺和肠道的过敏性疾病之间存在双向和渐进的关系，表明粘膜器官串扰。然而，局部过敏性炎症对沿皮肤：肺：肠轴的远端粘膜器官细胞景观的影响尚不清楚。嗜酸性粒细胞是与过敏性疾病相关的存在于组织中的先天免疫白细胞。新出现的数据表明，组织栖息的嗜酸性粒细胞的异质表型有助于促进体内平衡或疾病的多方面作用。本研究调查了急性局部过敏原暴露对远端粘膜器官内组织嗜酸性粒细胞频率和表型的影响。我们的研究结果表明，对皮肤、肺或肠道的过敏原挑战不仅会引起局部嗜酸性粒细胞炎症，但也增加了远处、过敏原未暴露的肺和肠内嗜酸性粒细胞的数量和频率。远程过敏原引起的肺部嗜酸性粒细胞表现出炎症表型，它们的存在与随后吸入不同过敏原引起的气道炎症易感性增强有关。这些数据首次表明，急性过敏性炎症对抗原未暴露的远端粘膜组织中组织嗜酸性粒细胞的表型和频率有直接影响，与远端器官引发过敏性炎症有关。远程过敏原引起的肺部嗜酸性粒细胞表现出炎症表型，它们的存在与随后吸入不同过敏原引起的气道炎症易感性增强有关。这些数据首次表明，急性过敏性炎症对抗原未暴露的远端粘膜组织中组织嗜酸性粒细胞的表型和频率有直接影响，与远端器官引发过敏性炎症有关。远程过敏原引起的肺部嗜酸性粒细胞表现出炎症表型，它们的存在与随后吸入不同过敏原引起的气道炎症易感性增强有关。这些数据首次表明，急性过敏性炎症对抗原未暴露的远端粘膜组织中组织嗜酸性粒细胞的表型和频率有直接影响，与远端器官引发过敏性炎症有关。