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Targeting Nitric Oxide Production in Microglia with Novel Imidazodiazepines for Nonsedative Pain Treatment.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 , DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00324
Amanda N Nieman 1 , Guanguan Li 2 , Nicolas M Zahn 1 , Md Yeunus Mian 1 , Brandon N Mikulsky 3 , Dylan A Hoffman 1 , Taylor M Wilcox 1 , Alexander S Kehoe 1 , Ian W Luecke 1 , Michael M Poe 4 , David Alvarez-Carbonell 5 , James M Cook 1 , Douglas C Stafford 1, 3 , Leggy A Arnold 1, 3
Affiliation  

The goal of this research is the identification of new treatments for neuropathic pain. We characterized the GABAergic system of immortalized mouse and human microglia using electrophysiology and qRT-PCR. Cells from both species exhibited membrane current changes in response to γ-aminobutyric acid, with an EC50 of 260 and 1940 nM, respectively. Human microglia expressed high levels of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) α3 subunit, which can assemble with β1 and γ2/δ subunits to form functional GABAARs. Mouse microglia contained α2, α3, and α5, in addition to β1–3, γ1–2, and δ, mRNA, enabling a more diverse array of GABAARs than human microglia. Benzodiazepines are well-established modulators of GABAAR activity, prompting a screen of a library of diverse benzodiazepines in microglia for cellular effects. Several active compounds were identified by reduction of nitric oxide (NO) in interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide activated microglia. However, further investigation with GABAAR antagonists flumazenil, picrotoxin, and bicuculline demonstrated that GABAARs were not linked to the NO response. A screen of 48 receptors identified the κ-opioid receptor and to a lesser extent the μ-opioid receptor as molecular targets, with opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine reversing benzodiazepine induced reduction of microglial NO. Functional assays identified the downregulation of inducible NO synthase as the mode of action of imidazodiazepines MP-IV-010 and GL-IV-03. Like other κ-opioid receptor agonists, GL-IV-03 reduced the agitation response in both phases of the formalin nociception test. However, unlike other κ-opioid receptor agonists, MP-IV-010 and GL-IV-03 did not impair sensorimotor coordination in mice. Thus, MP-IV-010 and GL-IV-03 represent a new class of nonsedative drug candidates for inflammatory pain.

中文翻译:


用新型咪唑二氮卓类药物靶向小胶质细胞中一氧化氮的产生,用于非镇静性疼痛治疗。



这项研究的目标是确定神经性疼痛的新疗法。我们利用电生理学和 qRT-PCR 表征了永生化小鼠和人类小胶质细胞的 GABA 能系统。两个物种的细胞均表现出响应 γ-氨基丁酸的膜电流变化,EC 50分别为 260 和 1940 nM。人类小胶质细胞表达高水平的γ-氨基丁酸A型受体(GABA A R)α 3亚基,它可以与β 1和γ 2 /δ 亚基组装形成功能性GABA A R。除了 β 1-3 、γ 1-2和 δ mRNA 之外,小鼠小胶质细胞还含有 α 2 、α 3和 α 5 ,使得 GABA A R 阵列比人类小胶质细胞更加多样化。苯二氮卓类药物是公认的 GABA A R 活性调节剂,促使人们对小胶质细胞中多种苯二氮卓类药物的细胞效应进行筛选。通过减少干扰素γ和脂多糖激活的小胶质细胞中的一氧化氮(NO),鉴定出几种活性化合物。然而,对 GABA A R 拮抗剂氟马西尼、印防己毒素和荷包牡丹碱的进一步研究表明,GABA A R 与 NO 反应无关。对 48 个受体的筛选确定了 κ-阿片受体和较小程度的 μ-阿片受体作为分子靶标,阿片受体拮抗剂去甲托菲明可逆转苯二氮卓诱导的小胶质细胞 NO 减少。功能分析表明,咪唑二氮杂卓类药物 MP-IV-010 和 GL-IV-03 的作用方式是下调诱导型 NO 合酶。 与其他 κ-阿片受体激动剂一样,GL-IV-03 降低了福尔马林伤害测试两个阶段的躁动反应。然而,与其他 κ-阿片受体激动剂不同,MP-IV-010 和 GL-IV-03 不会损害小鼠的感觉运动协调性。因此,MP-IV-010 和 GL-IV-03 代表了一类新的治疗炎性疼痛的非镇静候选药物。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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