Abstract

Pinus mugo Turra sensu stricto (dwarf mountain pine) is a species native to central and southern Europe, which performs a key role in subalpine areas by preventing avalanches and soil erosion. In this study, headspace extraction coupled with GC-MS/FID analyses was used to analyze diversity of needle volatiles in 10 natural populations of P. mugo s. str. growing in the Julian Alps, southern Carpathians and Balkan Peninsula. The multivariate statistical analyses revealed clear differentiation between Julian Alpine and southern Carpathian populations, supporting the hypothesis about existence of vicariant gene pools in these two European mountain chains. Although several earlier studies have pointed out heterogeneity of the Balkan populations, none of the investigated Balkan populations have shown the volatile pattern similar to the Carpathian group, as they all formed a common group with the Alpine population. AHC of bioclimatic data as well as regression analysis suggested that general volatile differentiation in P. mugo s. str. essentially does not represent an adaptive response to bioclimatic, orographic or geological conditions. Therefore, the described population groups might be provisionally considered as two P. mugo s. str. chemotypes. Our findings regarding volatile characters complement those obtained from morpho-anatomical, phytochemical and molecular data reported so far.

摘要

松mugo Turra狭义（矮山松）是原产于欧洲中部和南部，执行防止雪崩和土壤侵蚀的亚高山地区的关键作用的一个物种。在这项研究中，顶空萃取结合GC-MS / FID分析被用于分析10个自然种群的P. mugo s针头挥发物的多样性。海峡生长在朱利安阿尔卑斯山，喀尔巴阡山脉南部和巴尔干半岛。多元统计分析表明，朱利安·高山地区和喀尔巴阡山脉南部地区之间存在明显的差异，这支持了在这两个欧洲山脉中存在vicariant基因库的假说。尽管一些较早的研究指出了巴尔干种群的异质性，但没有一个调查的巴尔干种群表现出与喀尔巴阡群体相似的挥发性模式，因为它们都与高山种群形成了共同的群体。生物气候数据的AHC以及回归分析表明，普通小麦的挥发性差异较大。海峡基本上不代表对生物气候，地形或地质条件的适应性反应。因此，所描述的人群可能被临时认为是两个P. mugo s。海峡 化学型。我们有关挥发物特征的发现与迄今为止报道的形态解剖学，植物化学和分子数据所获得的发现相辅相成。