Abstract

A cost-effective approach for efficient organic micropollutants (OMPs) removal is to optimize existing infrastructure at drinking water treatment plants. A promising option is rapid sand filtration (RSF), as OMPs removal has been observed in this treatment technology. However, the mechanisms and pathways involved are not fully understood and strategies to optimize removal have yet to be thoroughly explored. Therefore, this article firstly described basic RSF functions that can support OMPs removal. OMPs can be removed by chemical and biological Mn/Fe oxides or degraded co-metabolically by ammonia oxidizing bacteria and methane oxidizing bacteria. In addition, heterotrophic bacteria can metabolically transform OMPs and their transformation products. Then, we reviewed current literatures described OMPs removal in RSF, showing biodegradation can contribute significantly to OMPs removal. Thereafter, we presented strategies to improve OMPs biodegradation, including bioaugmentation, optimizing hydraulic conditions by adjusting contact time and backwashing intensity, and adding biocarriers to retain biomass during rapid flow rates. Finally, we provided recommendations for further research towards optimizing and maintaining OMPs removal in RSF for safe drinking water production. This review therefore gives a critical evaluation of RSF-based technologies for OMPs removal from drinking water and provides recommendations for further improving OMPs removal in RSF.

摘要

有效去除有机微污染物（OMP）的一种经济有效的方法是优化饮用水处理厂的现有基础设施。一种可行的选择是快速砂滤（RSF），因为在该处理技术中已观察到OMPs的去除。但是，所涉及的机制和途径尚未完全理解，优化去除的策略尚未彻底探索。因此，本文首先介绍了可以支持OMP删除的基本RSF功能。OMPs可以通过化学和生物学的Mn / Fe氧化物去除，也可以通过氨氧化细菌和甲烷氧化细菌进行共代谢降解。另外，异养细菌可以代谢转化OMP及其转化产物。然后，我们回顾了描述RSF中OMP去除的最新文献，表明生物降解可显着促进OMP的去除。此后，我们提出了改善OMPs生物降解的策略，包括生物强化，通过调整接触时间和反洗强度来优化水力条件，以及添加生物载体以在快速流速期间保留生物质。最后，我们为优化和保持RSF中OMP去除以安全生产饮用水提供了进一步研究的建议。因此，本综述对基于RSF的饮用水中OMP去除技术进行了严格评估，并提出了进一步改善RSF中OMP去除的建议。通过调整接触时间和反冲洗强度，并添加生物载体以在快速流速期间保留生物质，从而优化水力条件。最后，我们为优化和保持RSF中OMP去除以安全生产饮用水提供了进一步研究的建议。因此，本综述对基于RSF的饮用水中OMP去除技术进行了严格评估，并提出了进一步改善RSF中OMP去除的建议。通过调整接触时间和反冲洗强度，并添加生物载体以在快速流速期间保留生物质，从而优化水力条件。最后，我们为优化和保持RSF中OMP去除以安全生产饮用水提供了进一步研究的建议。因此，本综述对基于RSF的饮用水中OMP去除技术进行了严格评估，并提出了进一步改善RSF中OMP去除的建议。