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How Neighborhood Effect Averaging Might Affect Assessment of Individual Exposures to Air Pollution: A Study of Ozone Exposures in Los Angeles
Annals of the American Association of Geographers ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 , DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2020.1756208
Junghwan Kim 1 , Mei-Po Kwan 2
Affiliation  

The neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) can be a serious methodological problem that leads to erroneous assessments when studying mobility-dependent exposures (e.g., air or noise pollution) because people’s daily mobility could amplify or attenuate the exposures they experienced in their residential neighborhoods. Specifically, the NEAP suggests that individuals’ mobility-based exposures tend toward the mean level of the participants or population of a study area when compared to their residence-based exposures. This research provides an in-depth examination of the NEAP and how the NEAP is associated with people’s daily mobility through an assessment of individual exposures to ground-level ozone using the activity-travel diary data of 2,737 individuals collected in the Los Angeles metropolitan statistical area. The results obtained with exploratory analysis (e.g., a scatterplot and histograms) and spatial regression models indicate that the NEAP exists when assessing individual exposures to ozone in the study area. Further, high-income, employed, younger, and male participants (when compared to low-income, nonworking, older, and female participants) are associated with higher levels of neighborhood effect averaging because of their higher levels of daily mobility. Finally, three-dimensional interactive geovisualizations of the space-time paths and hourly ozone exposures of seventy-one selected participants who live in the same neighborhood corroborate the findings obtained from the spatial regression analysis.



中文翻译:

邻里效应平均如何影响个人暴露于空气污染的评估:洛杉矶的臭氧暴露研究

邻里影响平均问题(NEAP)可能是一个严重的方法论问题,在研究依赖于流动性的暴露(例如,空气或噪声污染)时,会导致错误的评估,因为人们的日常流动性可能会放大或减弱他们在住宅区所经历的暴露。具体而言,NEAP建议,与基于居住地的暴露相比,基于个人流动性的暴露倾向于达到参与者或研究区域人口的平均水平。这项研究使用洛杉矶市统计区域内收集的2737个人的活动旅行日记数据,通过评估个人对地面臭氧的暴露程度,对NEAP以及NEAP与人们的日常活动之间的关系进行了深入研究。通过探索性分析(例如,散点图和直方图)和空间回归模型获得的结果表明,在评估研究区域的个人臭氧暴露量时,存在NEAP。此外,高收入,受雇的,年轻​​的和男性的参与者(与低收入,不工作的,年长的和女性的参与者相比)由于他们的日常活动水平较高,因此具有较高的平均邻里效果。最后,居住在同一社区中的71名选定参与者的时空路径和每小时臭氧暴露的三维交互式地理可视化证实了从空间回归分析获得的结果。散点图和直方图)以及空间回归模型表明,在评估研究区域的个人臭氧暴露量时,NEAP存在。此外,高收入,受雇的,年轻​​的和男性的参与者(与低收入,不工作的,年长的和女性的参与者相比)由于他们的日常活动水平较高,因此具有较高的平均邻里效果。最后,居住在同一社区中的71名选定参与者的时空路径和每小时臭氧暴露的三维交互式地理可视化证实了从空间回归分析获得的结果。散点图和直方图)以及空间回归模型表明,在评估研究区域的个人臭氧暴露量时,NEAP存在。此外,高收入,受雇的,年轻​​的和男性的参与者(与低收入,不工作的,年长的和女性的参与者相比)由于他们的日常活动水平较高,因此具有较高的平均邻里效果。最后,居住在同一社区中的71名选定参与者的时空路径和每小时臭氧暴露的三维交互式地理可视化证实了从空间回归分析中获得的发现。和女性参与者)由于他们的日常活动水平较高,因此与较高的邻里效应平均水平相关。最后,居住在同一社区中的71名选定参与者的时空路径和每小时臭氧暴露的三维交互式地理可视化证实了从空间回归分析获得的结果。和女性参与者)由于他们的日常活动水平较高,因此与较高的邻里效应平均水平相关。最后,居住在同一社区中的71名选定参与者的时空路径和每小时臭氧暴露的三维交互式地理可视化证实了从空间回归分析获得的结果。

更新日期:2020-06-09
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