Abstract The fecal microbiome is an integral part of aquatic mammals, like an inner organ. But we know very little about this inner organ of the threatened aquatic species, Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP). Four YFPs were placed into a purse seine for skin ulceration treatment, and this opportunity was taken to nurse the animals closer. In particular, we collected the feces of the YFPs before and after the paired healing and therapeutic treatment, along with samples of their fish diet and water habitat, to explore the changes in their fecal microbiome. Firmicutes (20.9–96.1%), Proteobacteria (3.8–78.7%), Actinobacteria (0.1–35.0%) and Tenericutes (0.8–17.1%) were the most dominant phyla present in the feces. The proportion of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased after the treatment. Firmicutes showed a significant decrease, and most potential pathogens were absent, which reflected the administration of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Moreover, environmental shifts can also contribute to changes in the fecal microbiome. These results indicate that certain microbial interactions can be affected by environmental shifts, dietary changes and health-care treatments, which can also help maintain the internal environment of YFPs. These findings will inform the future enhanced protection and management of endangered YFPs and other vulnerable aquatic animals.

中文翻译：

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长江江豚粪便微生物群在短期治疗期间的变化

摘要 粪便微生物群是水生哺乳动物的一个组成部分，就像一个内脏器官。但我们对受威胁的水生物种长江江豚（YFP）的这种内脏器官知之甚少。四个 YFP 被放入围网中以治疗皮肤溃疡，并借此机会近距离照顾动物。特别是，我们收集了 YFP 在配对治疗和治疗前后的粪便，以及它们的鱼类饮食和水域栖息地的样本，以探索它们粪便微生物组的变化。厚壁菌门 (20.9–96.1%)、变形菌门 (3.8–78.7%)、放线菌门 (0.1–35.0%) 和铁壁菌门 (0.8–17.1%) 是粪便中最主要的门。处理后变形菌和放线菌的比例增加。Firmicutes 显着减少，大多数潜在病原体不存在，这反映了盐酸环丙沙​​星的给药。此外，环境变化也会导致粪便微生物组的变化。这些结果表明，某些微生物相互作用会受到环境变化、饮食变化和保健治疗的影响，这也有助于维持 YFP 的内部环境。这些发现将为未来加强对濒危YFP 和其他脆弱水生动物的保护和管理提供信息。这也有助于维护 YFP 的内部环境。这些发现将为未来加强对濒危YFP 和其他脆弱水生动物的保护和管理提供信息。这也有助于维护 YFP 的内部环境。这些发现将为未来加强对濒危YFP 和其他脆弱水生动物的保护和管理提供信息。