Gray whale transcriptome reveals longevity adaptations associated with DNA repair and ubiquitination.,Aging Cell

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Gray whale transcriptome reveals longevity adaptations associated with DNA repair and ubiquitination.
Aging Cell ( IF 8.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 , DOI: 10.1111/acel.13158
Dmitri Toren _{1,

2} , Anton Kulaga _{2,

3} , Mineshbhai Jethva ₁ , Eitan Rubin ₁ , Anastasia V Snezhkina ₄ , Anna V Kudryavtseva ₄ , Dmitry Nowicki ₅ , Robi Tacutu _{2,

6} , Alexey A Moskalev _{4,

7} , Vadim E Fraifeld _{1,

8}

Affiliation

One important question in aging research is how differences in genomics and transcriptomics determine the maximum lifespan in various species. Despite recent progress, much is still unclear on the topic, partly due to the lack of samples in nonmodel organisms and due to challenges in direct comparisons of transcriptomes from different species. The novel ranking‐based method that we employ here is used to analyze gene expression in the gray whale and compare its de novo assembled transcriptome with that of other long‐ and short‐lived mammals. Gray whales are among the top 1% longest‐lived mammals. Despite the extreme environment, or maybe due to a remarkable adaptation to its habitat (intermittent hypoxia, Arctic water, and high pressure), gray whales reach at least the age of 77 years. In this work, we show that long‐lived mammals share common gene expression patterns between themselves, including high expression of DNA maintenance and repair, ubiquitination, apoptosis, and immune responses. Additionally, the level of expression for gray whale orthologs of pro‐ and anti‐longevity genes found in model organisms is in support of their alleged role and direction in lifespan determination. Remarkably, among highly expressed pro‐longevity genes many are stress‐related, reflecting an adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. The conducted analysis suggests that the gray whale potentially possesses high resistance to cancer and stress, at least in part ensuring its longevity. This new transcriptome assembly also provides important resources to support the efforts of maintaining the endangered population of gray whales.

中文翻译：

灰鲸转录组揭示了与DNA修复和泛素化有关的长寿适应性。

衰老研究中的一个重要问题是基因组学和转录组学的差异如何决定各种物种的最大寿命。尽管取得了最新进展，但在该主题上仍有很多不清楚的地方，部分是由于非模型生物中样品的缺乏，以及来自不同物种的转录组直接比较的挑战。我们在这里使用的基于排名的新颖方法用于分析灰鲸的基因表达，并将其从头组装的转录组与其他长寿和短命哺乳动物的转录组进行比较。灰鲸是寿命最长的1％哺乳动物之一。尽管有极端的环境，或者也许是由于对其栖息地的显着适应（间歇性缺氧，北极水和高压），灰鲸的年龄至少达到77岁。在这项工作中我们表明，长寿哺乳动物之间共享着共同的基因表达模式，包括高表达的DNA维持和修复，泛素化，细胞凋亡和免疫反应。此外，在模型生物中发现的长寿和反长寿基因的灰鲸直系同源基因的表达水平支持了它们在寿命确定中的作用和方向。值得注意的是，在高度表达的长寿基因中，许多与压力有关，反映了对极端环境条件的适应。进行的分析表明，灰鲸潜在地对癌症和压力具有较高的抵抗力，至少部分地确保了其寿命。这个新的转录组程序集还提供了重要资源，以支持维护濒临灭绝的灰鲸种群的努力。

更新日期：2020-06-09

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